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PTRS 825 Final Exam > Exercise Testing and Prescription > Flashcards

Exercise Testing and Prescription Flashcards

1
Q

Training

A

Series of practices, the object of which is to render a man or animal as completely and quickly as possible, fit for the performance of a given work

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2
Q

Physical Activity

A

Bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that result in energy expenditure

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3
Q

Exercise

A

Subset of physical activity that is planned, structured and repetitive and has a final or an intermediate objective the improvement or maintenance of physical fitness

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4
Q

VO2 Peak

A

Limited by subject tolerance, which may or may not be physiological max

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5
Q

ACSM Recommendation

A

30 min of moderate physical activity on most/all days of week
4/10 adults work in light activity jobs (US spend 70% of their time sitting)
Total screen time > 8 hr/day

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6
Q

Excuses for Physical Activity (Young)

A 
Time
Fatigue
Active at work
Lack of results
Cost
Lack motivation
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7
Q

Excuses for Physical Activity (Older)

A 
Fear of falling
Inertia/never tired
Negative affect
Time
Physical ailments
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8
Q

Excuses for Physical Activity (Universal)

A

Fear of looking stupid
Being watched
Physiologic changes

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9
Q

Getting Patients Physical Activity

A

Education: disease/dx/disability
Prescription: FITT
Testing: medical eval, submax test

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10
Q

Pre-Exercise Assessment

A

Risk classification - high needs med eval
Exercise limitation/modification - HR/BP, blood sugar, orthopedic/neuro issues
Baseline for comparison
Test or not to test: sub vs max, sensitive vs specific, not necessary to low/mod activity

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11
Q

Graded Exercise Testing

A

Monitor HR, BP, EKG, VO2 while incrementally increasing workload

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12
Q

GXT Outline

A
  1. Assess resting values
  2. 1-2 min warm up
  3. Measurements at regular intervals
  4. Extend stage to reach steady stat if necessary
  5. Cool down until close to baseline
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13
Q

GXT Normal Responses

A 
Linear increase with SBP and HR proportionate to workload
Min change in DBP
Shortened QT interval
Reduced R wave amp
ST-segment elevation
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14
Q

GXT Abnormal Responses

A 
No increase in HR or SPB with increasing workload
SBP > 250, DBP > 120
ST segment depression (MI?)
Increased R wave amp
V-tach or multiple PVC
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15
Q

Treadmill vs Cycle Ergometer vs Stepper for GXT

A

Treadmill yields higher VO2, higher risk of falling

BW has decreased effect on cycle ergometer

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16
Q

Sub-Max Testing Assumptions

A 
Linear relationship between HR and VO2
Max HR at give age is uniform
HR at given workload varies according to fitness level
Steady state HR obtained at each level
Mechanical efficiency is uniform
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17
Q

Sub-Max Advantages

A 
Safe
Controlled pace
Not population specific
Quick
Easily to administer
Inexpensive
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18
Q

Sub-Max Disadvantages

A

Indirect measure of VO2

Estimation of max HR may be inaccurate

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19
Q

Sub-Max General Rule

A

Under predicts older/deconditioned subjects

Over predicts younger/well-conditioned subjects

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20
Q

Sub-Max Cycle Ergometer Tests

A

YMCA (3-4 3 min stages, 110-115 HR at 2 workloads)
ACSM bike test
Astrand rhyming (6 min, single stage)

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21
Q

Sub-Max Treadmill Tests

A

Submax Bruce - larger work increment, appropriate for young/healthy subjects
Balke-Ware - smaller work increments (

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22
Q

Direct Calorimetry

A

Measures heat expenditure to determine EE

Ambient air - expired air = oxygen consumption

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23
Q

Indirect Calorimetry

A

Uses RER to calculate EE

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24
Q

RER

A 
Ratio between CO2 release and O2 consumed
0.7 - primary fuel from fat
1 - primary fuel from carbs
0.78-0.8 - resting
1.05-1.15 - max
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25
Q

Max Exercise Testing Assumptions

A

Test progresses until subject reaches volitional exhaustion

Subject is motivated and able to provide max effort

26
Q

What is “Max”

A 
Plateau in VO2 with increasing workload
RER > 1.05
Blood Lactate > 8mmol/L (most reliable but difficult to assess)
Max HR
RPE
27
Q

Max Testing Advantages

28
Q

Max Testing Disadvantages

A

Higher risk
Time intensive
Resource intensive
Expensive

29
Q

Principle of Individuality

A

Respond to exercise differently

30
Q

Principle of Specificity

A

More pervasive than given credit

Done in home, they might do better

31
Q

Principle of Reversibility

A

Use it or lose it

32
Q

Principle of Overload

A

Continually overload the system

33
Q

Principle of Hard/Easy

A

Alternate between hard and easy works

34
Q

Principle of Periodization

A

Ramp up and peak when ready to compete

Peaks and valleys in training

35
Q

All prescriptions include

A

Warm-up and stretching (5-10 min)
Conditioning
Cool-down (5-10 min)

36
Q

Condition Components

A

Endurance
Strength/resistance
Flexibility
Recreational activities

37
Q

Exercise Prescription (Frequency)

A

Generally 3-5 days/wk

38
Q

Exercise Prescription (Intensity)

A

Light: 30-40% HR or VO2 reserve
Moderate: 40-60% HR or VO2 reserve
Vigorous: 60-90% HR or VO2 reserve

39
Q

Exercise Prescription (Time)

A

30-60 minutes/day of moderate activity

20-60 minutes/day of vigorous activity

40
Q

Exercise Prescription (Type)

A

Aerobic and/or resistance

Walking, running, tennis, swimming, resistance, yoga

41
Q

Exercise Prescription (Volume)

A

Product of frequency, intensity, and time
150 minutes/week
5,400-7,900 steps/day
500-1,000 METS/week

42
Q

Exercise Prescription (Progression)

A

Increase time 5-10 minutes every 1-2 weeks for first 4-6 weeks

43
Q

Exercise Prescription Target HR

A

{(HR max - HR rest) x % intensity} + HR rest

44
Q

Exercise Prescription RPE

A

12-13 - moderate

15-16 - vigorous

45
Q

MET

A

Does not account for differences in metabolic efficiency

Used in cardiac rehab

46
Q

Muscular Strength

A

Max force generated

1 RM or isokinetic testing

47
Q

Muscular Power

A

Rate of work performance

48
Q

Muscular Endurance

A

Ability to sustain repeated contractions

49
Q

Resistance Frequency

A

2-3 non-consecutive days/wk

50
Q

Resistance Intensity

A

40-50% of 1-RM (Beginner)
60-70% of 1-RM (Intermediate)
>80% of 1-RM (Experienced)

51
Q

Resistance Types

A

Isometric
Isotonic
Eccentric - resist force, promote hypertrophy
Isokinetic - keeps movement speed constant
Plyometrics - uses stretch reflex to bridge gap between speed and strength
E-Stim

52
Q

Resistance Repetitions

A

8-12 if strength/power
10-15 for older/novice
15-20 for endurance

53
Q

Resistance Sets

A

2-4 for strength/power
1 for older/novice
1-2 for endurance

54
Q

Resistance Pattern

A

2-3 minute rest interval between sets

48 hour rest between session

55
Q

Resistance Progression

A

Increase resistance, repetitions per set and frequency

56
Q

Flexibility Frequency

A

> 2-3 days/wk

57
Q

Flexibility Intensity

A

To point of tightness or slight discomfort

58
Q

Flexibility Time

A

Static: 10-60 sec
PNF: 2-6 sec @ 20-75% of MVC followed by 10-30 sec assisted stretch

59
Q

Flexibility Type

A

Static
Dynamic
Ballistic
PNF

60
Q

Flexibility Volume

A

60 seconds per activity

61
Q

Flexibility Pattern

A

Warm-up prior to stretch

2-4 reps of each activity

PTRS 825 Final Exam (13 decks)

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