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PTRS 825 Final Exam > Exercise in Chronic Disease and Disability > Flashcards

Exercise in Chronic Disease and Disability Flashcards

1
Q

AIDS

A

Progressive destruction of CD4 or T-helper cells -> immunosupression

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2
Q

AIDS Effects

A

Increased susceptibility to infection
Decreased food consumption
Loss of lean body mass
Advanced tissue wasting

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3
Q

AIDS Complications

A 
CV/Met abnormalities
Chronic diarrhea
Anemia
Muscle wasting
Peripheral neuropathy
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4
Q

Stage 1 AIDS

A

Asymptomatic seropositive HIV

Exercise capacity unaffected

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5
Q

Stage 2 AIDS

A

Early symptomatic HIV

Reduced VO2 peak and ventilatory threshold

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6
Q

Stage 3 AIDS

A

Dramatically reduced VO2 peak

High intensity levels may elicit nervous and endocrine abnormalities

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7
Q

Aerobic Training with AIDS Frequency

A

3-5 days/wk

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8
Q

Aerobic Training with AIDS Intensity

A

40-60% VO2 or HRR

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9
Q

Aerobic Training with AIDS Time

A

10 min -> 30-60 min

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10
Q

Aerobic Training with AIDS Type

A

Individual
Include WB
Avoid high risk/contact

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11
Q

Aerobic Training with AIDS Goal

A

Improve aerobic capacity over 3-6 mos

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12
Q

Resistance Training with AIDS Frequency

A

2-3 days/wk

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13
Q

Resistance Training with AIDS Intensity

A

10-12 rep
2-3 set
50% 1 RM

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14
Q

Resistance Training with AIDS Goal

A

Improved muscle strength, power and endurance over 3-6 mos

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15
Q

AIDS Special Considerations

A

STRICT adherence to precautions
Use standard contraindications for exercise
Supervise symptomatic and comorbidities in individuals

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16
Q

SCI Complications

A 
Paresis
Atrophy
Spasticity
Impaired skin integrity
Autonomic dysreflexia
Respiratory dysfunction
Bowel/bladder dysfunction
Orthostatic hypotension
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17
Q

Autonomic Dysreflexia

A 
Risk of SCI above T6
Due to kinked catheter, tight clothing
Could lead to malignant HTN
Sit them up, find cause and get help
Disruption of sympathetic innervation may limit HR to 115-130
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18
Q

Oxygen Consumption

A

VO2 peak may decrease by 26%
UE estimates VO2 by 1/2 compared to LE ergometry
Quadriplegia reduces VO2 values by 1/2-1/3 compared to paraplegia
May experience fatigue before achieving sufficient CV capacity

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19
Q

SCI Special Considerations

A 
Depression
TBI 
Improvements may be small
Closely monitor vitals
Abdominal binders, TED or compression may be beneficial
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20
Q

Aerobic Training with SCI Frequency

A

3-5 days/wk

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21
Q

Aerobic Training with SCI Intensity

A

40-60% VO2 reserve and progress to 60-80% of VO2 reserve

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22
Q

Aerobic Training with SCI Time

A

30-60 min
Mod 5-10 min with 5 min active recovery
Vig 10 20 min with 5 min active recovery

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23
Q

Aerobic Training with SCI Type

A

Arm or w/c ergometer
Swimming
Adapted aerobics
FES

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24
Q

Aerobic Training with SCI Goals

A

Increase active muscle mass and strength
Maximize overal strength for functional independence
Improve efficiency of manual W/C propulsion

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25
Flexibility Training with SCI Goals
Improve/maintain ROM Prevent contracture Prevent injury
26
Resistance Training with SCI Frequency
2-4 days/wk
27
Resistance Training with SCI Intensity
2-3 x 8-12
28
Resistance Training with SCI Type
Weight machines or free weights | Wrist weights if hand impaired
29
Resistance Training with SCI Goals
Increase strength and muscle mass Maximize functional independence Facilitate w/c propulsion
30
Diabetes
Chronic metabolic disease Absolute (Type I) Relative (Type II) Hyperglycemia (blood glucose > 120 mg/dL)
31
Diabetes Complications (Macrovascular)
CVD CVA PVD
32
Diabetes Complications (Microvascular)
Retinopathy Nephropathy Neuropathy
33
Benefits of Exercise
``` Improves insulin sensitivity Improves lipid profile Reduces blood pressure Promotes weight loss Increases strength Improves well-being ```
34
ACSM 2014 Guidelines
Testing not necessary for asymptomatic and low risk individuals GXT with EKG conducted in those >35 years old or with type I DM > 15 years or type II DM > 10 years who want to begin moderate to vigorous intensity exercise CVD risk factors assessed annually
35
Aerobic Training with DM Frequency
3-7 d/wk
36
Aerobic Training with DM Intensity
40-60% VO2 reserve or 11-13 RPE | >60% - improved glycemic control
37
Aerobic Training with DM Time
150 min/wk in >10 min bouts
38
Aerobic Training with DM Type
Emphasize large muscle groupes
39
Resistance Training with DM
General guidelines apply in absence of retinopathy and other complications Adjust parameters as needed
40
Retinopathy
Avoid vigorous intensity active and resistance training | Have doctor clear
41
Peripheral Neuropathy
Enforce regular foot checks | Limit WBing activities
42
Autonomic Neuropathy
Monitor BP and HR closely
43
Nephropathy
No restrictions for tolerable moderate activity
44
DM Special Considerations
Closely monitor blood sugar (>250 or
45
CKD Diagnosis
Microalbuminuria | GFR rate
46
CKD
Loss of function reduces clearance of metabolic waste
47
End-stage Renal Disease
GFR
48
CKD Complications
``` Metabolic Acidosis LVH Secondary hyperparathyroidism PRN Elevated triglycerides and decreased HDLs ```
49
ESRDj Complications
``` CHF Cardiomegaly Effusion Dysrhythmias Renal osteodystrophy Peritonitis ```
50
CKD Management
Dialysis Kidney transplant Medications
51
CKD Exercise
``` Low tolerance Blunted HR response Excessive BR responce Lower extremity fatigue Limited ADLs ```
52
Aerobic Training with CKD Frequency
3-5x/wk
53
Aerobic Training with CKD Intensity
40-60% VO2 reserve or RPE 11-13
54
Aerobic Training with CKD Time
20-60 minutes | In as little as 3-5 minute bouts
55
Aerobic Training with CKD Type
Walking Cycling Swimming
56
Aerobic Training with CKD Progression
Increase duration in 3-5 min weekly increments
57
Resistance Training with CKD Frequency
2-3 days/wk
58
Resistance Training with CKD Intensity
1 set of 10-15 reps @ 70% | Don't want to do 1 RM
59
Resistance Training with CKD Type
Weigh machines or free weights
60
CKD Special Considerations
``` Avoid post-dialysis Exercise during 1st half of dialysis Be aware of AV fistula Spontaneous avulsion fractures may occur Could work out as early as 8 days post-op ```

PTRS 825 Final Exam (13 decks)

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