Exercise - SEE diagrams in notes

Answer 1

more muscle mass used then the more O2 used

Answer 2

the higher the intensity the higher the minute ventilation to get more O2 in tissues
break in slope and then it comes higher: breaks are called ventilatory thresholds and they are very relevant to describe and explain exercise to individuals

Answer 3

increase the intensity more CO2 we make, more hydorgen ions so icnrease in acicty increaes ventilation
same thing happens in 2nd rate
increase in temperature further affects this

Question 4

Tidal volume at rest? what can it go up to?

Answer 4

At rest - 0.5L can go up to 4L

Question 5

What is normal breaths per minute and what can it go up to at rest?

Answer 5

12 breaths per minute at rest, can go up to 50 breaths per minute at exercise

Question 6

Is dead volume constant? What happens as Tidal volume increases?

Answer 6

Dead space volume is constant normally but it drops as Tidal Volume goes up

Question 7

What is VT1 linked to?

Answer 7

Linked to lactate threshold or aerobic threshold
Gas exchange

Question 8

What do you rely more on fatty acids/carbohydrates during high intensity exercise?

Answer 8

when intensity is higher of exercise you rely on carbohydrate metabolism more - consume more CO2

Question 9

By mol of O2 consumed is more or less CO2 consumed?

Answer 9

by mol of O2 consumed you consume less CO2 as you rely more on fatty acids then carbohydrates

Question 10

What is VT2 linked to?

Answer 10

VT2 linked to ‘Critical power’ / ‘Maximal Lactate Steady State’ (MLSS) / ‘Anaerobic Threshold’
Lactate turnpoint

Question 11

What is VT1 and VT2 ?

Answer 11

VT1 = First break - first ventilatory threshold
VT2 = 2nd break - 2nd ventilatory threshold
Higher marker of intensity than VT2

Question 12

What happens at VT2?

Answer 12

At VT2, lactate has quickly accumulated in the blood and the person needs to breathe heavily. At this rapid rate of breathing, the exerciser can no longer speak.

Question 13

Factors affecting the ventilatory responses to exercise? HINT 4

Answer 13

1. Reflexes originating from body movements
2. Increase in body temperature
3. Adrenaline (Epinephrine) release
4. Impulses from the cerebral cortex

Question 14

Does VO2 consumption always increase as power does?

Answer 14

will reach a part in which despite increase in power, VO2 consumption will not increase it will plateau - plateau not always seen - called VO2 peak instead

Question 15

What are lactate levels like at moderate intensity

Answer 15

moderate intensity - lactate levels are very low, can sustain intensity for long period of time as long as there is enough carbohydrates and fatty acids

Question 16

What is the domain called between V1+V2

Answer 16

heavy 100-140watts

Question 17

Slope of lactate in relation to VT1+VT2:

Answer 17

point where lactate comes above baseline is 1st threshold VT1 and then there is a 2nd change in slope - lactate goes steeper again at VT2

Question 18

Lactate at severe intensity domain

Answer 18

lactate does not stabilise - do not reach a steady state at severe domain - not sustainable

Question 19

O2 uptake at moderate and severe intensity?

Answer 19

O2 uptake increases at moderate intensity and then reaches a steady state
heavy intensity
O2 uptake has another shift as intensity is higher and then steady state is reached - extra O2 is called slow component of O2 uptake - we rely on more type 2 skeletal muscle fibres

Question 20

What is key concept for moderate, high and severe intensity for lactate and VO2 consumption?

Answer 20

KEY CONCEPT: moderate intensity = lactate stable near baseline values
high intensity = lactate go up but then stabilise same with VO2 consumption
severe intensity = lactate does not stabilise and either does VO2

Question 21

Explain the exercise intensity domains: running

Answer 21

moderate intensity heavy domain: VT1/GET/LT1
Zone 1 with <50-60% of VO2 max
Zone 1 -Recovery
Z1+2

Severe intensity domain: VT2/LT2/MLSS
Zone 2 with 60-80% VO2 max
Zone 2 - endurance
Z2+3

Extreme intensity domain: VO2 max
Zone 3 where >80% VO2 max
Zone 3 - threshold
Z3,4,5

Zone 4 = VO2 max
Zone 5 = anaeronic

Question 22

fastest pathway?

Answer 22

ATP phosphocreatine
all out intensity
only lasts a couple of seconds
don’t need O2

Question 23

understand 3 energy domains, lactate consumption and VO2 consumption is the most important

Question 24

define slide 10 in exam for example

Answer 24

describe units and explain shape
understand the initial numbers and this PO2 is close to 100
calibrate this axis
shape of curve
very flat - PO2 in arteries
PO2 drops at end when hyperventilation occurs at high exercise intensity - flat for PO2 in arteries
in veins when this is close
venous O2 drops
PCO2 increases from 42 to much higher
at rest about 5
O2 consumption 20ml of O2 for decibels of blood but only use 5 at rest about 25% of it
as intensity of exercise gets higher will ecxract and use more and more O2
cannot take all the O2 but can take almost all
75% at rest of O2 in veins and higher intensity makes it reduced particularly after active muscles - adaptations are uploaded in chapter on BB

Question 25

Is there chronic adaptations?

Answer 25

Not much for respiratory training adaptations

swimmers get best capacities as except backstroke you normally go against
total capacity and vital capacity is increased in swimmers - not in other terrestrial modalities just swimmers
as lungs have plenty of capcity to icnrease ventilation, tidal volume and so on
linit is with CVS
some fatigue of inspriatiry msucles and this can be enhanced
respiratory sysetm does affect performacne but not in term of capacities and volumes

Answer 26

we can imporve breathing rate and tidal volume following training
take deeper breaths less frequenyc

Question 27

endurance training on CVS system

Answer 27

pump more blood
heart rate is reduced
stroke volume of blood is enhanced

Answer 28

the higher the difference the higher the extraction of O2 at different intensities