Exercise Science Chapter 2 - vocabulary

Question 1

Exercise physiology

Answer 1

The study of how the body functions during physical activity and exercise.

Question 2

Systolic blood pressure

Answer 2

The pressure exerted by the blood on the vessel walls during ventricular contraction. (systole)

Question 3

Diastolic blood pressure

Answer 3

The pressure in the arteries during the relaxation phase (diastole) of the cardiac cycle; indicative of total peripheral resistance.

Question 4

Lipid

Answer 4

The name for fats used in the body and bloodstream.

Question 5

Glucose

Answer 5

A simple sugar; the form in which all carbohydrates are used as the body’s principal energy source.

Question 6

Anxiety

Answer 6

A state of uneasiness and apprehension; occurs in some mental disorders.

Question 7

Depression

Answer 7

1. The action of lowering a muscle or bone, or movement in an inferior or downward direction.
2. A condition of general emotional dejection and withdrawal; sadness greater and more prolonged than that warranted by any objective reason.

Question 8

Osteoporosis

Answer 8

A disorder, primarily affecting postmenopausal women, in which bone density decreases and susceptibility to fractures increases.

Question 9

Sedentary

Answer 9

Doing or requiring much sitting; minimal activity.

Question 10

Physical fitness

Answer 10

The physical components of well-being that enable a person to function at an optimal level.

Question 11

Heart rate

Answer 11

The number of heart beats per minute.

Question 12

Mind/body vitality

Answer 12

An individual’s ability to minimize or alleviate unnecessary stress and tension from the body through the integration of physical exercise and mental focus.

Question 13

Muscular strength

Answer 13

The maximal force a muscle of muscle group can exert during contraction.

Question 14

Muscular endurance

Answer 14

The ability of a muscle or muscle group to exert force against a resistance over a sustained period of time.

Question 15

Cardiovascular or cardiorespiratory endurance

Answer 15

The capacity of the heart, blood vessels, and lungs to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the working muscles and tissues during sustained exercise and to remove metabolic waste products that would result in fatigue; the ability to perform large muscle movements over a sustained period, also called cardiovascular endurance.

Question 16

Aerobic

Answer 16

In the presence of oxygen.

Question 17

Flexibility

Answer 17

The ability to move joints through their normal full range of motion.

Question 18

Range of motion (ROM)

Answer 18

The number of degrees through which an articulation will allow one of its segments to move.

Question 19

Body composition

Answer 19

The makeup of the body in terms of the relative percentage of fat-free mass and body fat.

Question 20

Lean body mass

Answer 20

The components of the body (apart from fat) including muscles, bones, nervous tissue, skin, blood, and organs.

Question 21

Adipose tissue

Answer 21

Fatty tissue, connective tissue made up of fat cells.

Question 22

Essential fat

Answer 22

Essential fatty acids:

Fatty acids that the body needs but cannot synthesize, includes linolenic (omega-3) and linoleic (omega-6) fatty acids.

Question 23

Storage fat

Answer 23

Fat contained within adipose tissue that acts as an energy store and thermal insulation, and also cushions the internal organs.

Question 24

Fat

Answer 24

An essential nutrient that provides energy, energy storage, insulation, and contour to the body. 1 gram of fat equals 9 kcal.

Question 25

Overweight

Answer 25

A term to describe an excessive amount of weight for a given height, using height-to-weight ratios.

Question 26

Hypertension

Answer 26

High blood pressure, or the elevation of resting blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg.

Question 27

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 27

Most common form of diabetes; typically develops in adulthood and is characterized by a reduced sensitivity of the insulin target cels to available insulin; usually associated with obesity; formerly known as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and adult onset diabetes.

Question 28

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

Answer 28

Coronary heart disease (CHD):
The major form of cardiovascular disease; results when the coronary arteries are narrowed or occluded most commonly by atherosclerotic deposits of fibrous and fatty tissue; also called coronary artery disease (CAD).

Question 29

Obesity

Answer 29

An excessive accumulation of body fat. Usually defined as more than 20% above ideal weight, or over 25% body fat for menand over 32% body fat for women; also can be defined as a body mass index of > 30 kg/m² or a waist girth of ≥ 40 inches (102 cm) in men and ≥ 35 inches (89 cm) in women.