Exercise Science CH 2 - Acute Response to Aerobic Exercise Flashcards
Anaerobic Threshold
The point when the body can no longer meet its demand for oxygen and anaerobic metabolism predominates. AKA lactate threshold or first ventilatory threshold (VT1)
Arteries
A blood vessel that conveys blood from the heart to Vital organs and the extremities, or any part of the body.
Catecholamines
Hormone released as part of the sympathetic response to exercise. (e.g. epinephrine, dopamine, norepinephrine)
cholesterol
Fat like substance found in blood and body tissue and in some foods. Can accumulate in the arteries and lead to a narrowing of the vessel.
Diastole
The period of filling of the heart between contractions, the resting phase of the heart.
Epinephrine
A hormone released as part of the sympathetic response to exercise; also called adrenaline.
Excess Post Exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC)
a measurably increased oxygen uptake following strenous activity. The extra oxygen is used in the processes, (hormone balancing, replenishment of fuel stores, cellular repair, innervation, and anabolism) that restore the body to a resting state and adapt it to the exercise just performed.
First Ventilatory Threshold (VT1)
Intensity of aerobic exercise at which ventilation starts to increase in a non-linear fashion in response to an accumulation of metabolic by-products in the blood.
Glycogenolysis
The breakdown of liver and muscle glycogen to yield blood glucose.
Hormones
A chemical substance produced and released by an endocrine gland and transported through the blood to a target organ.
Hyperventilation
Greater than normal rate of breathing that results in an abnormal loss of carbon dioxide from the blood; dizziness may occur.
Maximal Oxygen Consumption (VO2max)
The point at which oxygen consumption plateaus with an additional workload; represents a persons capacity for the aerobic synthesis of ATP. AKA maximal aerobic capacity or maximal oxygen uptake.
Norepinephrine
A hormone released as part of the sympathetic response to exercise.
Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation (OBLA)
The point during hi-intensity exercise when the production of lactic acid exceeds the body’s capacity to eliminate it; after this point oxygen is insufficient at meeting the body’s demands for energy.
Parasympathetic Nervous System
A subdivision of the autonomic nervous system that is involved in regulating the routine functions of the body such as heartbeat, digestion, and sleeping. Opposed the physiological effects of the sympathetic nervous system (eg, stimulates digestive secretions, slows the heart, constricts the pupils, dilates blood vessels.)
Q10 Effect
Physiological phenomenon wherein chemical reactions occur twice as fast when the temperature is increased by 10º C.
Respiratory Compensation Threshold (RCT)
See Second Ventilatory Threshold (VT2)
SAID Principle
Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands
Training principle that the body will adapt to the specific challenges imposed upon it as long as the program progressively overloads the system being trained
Second Ventilatory Threshold (VT2)
Respiratory Compensation Threshold (RCT)
Metabolic marker which represents the point at which high-intensity exercise can no longer be sustained due to an accumulation of lactate. Also called the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA)
Steady State
Constant sub-maximal exercise below the lactate threshold where the oxygen consumption is meeting the energy requirements of the activity.
Talk Test
Measurement of exercise intensity using observation of respiration effort and the ability to talk while exercising.
Triglycerides
Three fatty acids joined to a glycerol (carbon and hydrogen structure) backbone; how fat is stored in the body.
Vagal Withdrawal
Effect produced on the heart when the parasympathetic nerve fibers (which are carried in the vagus nerve) controlling the heart rate are inhibited by the sympathetic nervous system during exercise, thus increasing heart rate.
Ventilatory Threshold
Point of transition between predominately aerobic energy production to predominately anaerobic energy production; involves recruitment of fast twitch muscle fibers and identified via gas exchange during exercise testing.
