Exercise physiology - UC

Question 1

what is VO2 for a typical male

Answer 1

250ml (STP)/min for a 70kg male (220 for the same of a female)

Question 2

what is VO2

Answer 2

VO2 is the resting oxygen consumption - usually quoted for basal conditions of morning, fasting, neutral temperature, body temp 37C, no exciting thoughts and lying down

Question 3

for a normal mixed diet, each ml of oxygen is associated with _______ of heat or work energy

Answer 3

20 joules

Question 4

under basal conditions the heat energy per second (power) dissipated is:

Answer 4

(250 ml/min/60 sec/min)*(20 joules/ml) = 83joules/sec or watts

VO2/secs per min * energy associated with each ml of oxygen

Question 5

moderate exercise involves _______ in oxygen uptake

Answer 5

huge rise

Question 6

how to calculate useful energy?

Answer 6

• the work energy is calculate by:
  mass of person or thing movinggravitydistance moved
• useful energy is calculated by:
  (work energy*movements per min)/secs per mins

Question 7

what is mechanical efficiency?

Answer 7

useful energy/(power-resting)

Question 8

most of the energy from exercise is expended as _______

Answer 8

heat energy and very little as useful energy

Question 9

what is isometric exercise

Answer 9

exercise which has mechanical efficiency of 0, muscles contract with no movement and so no external work results. contrast to dynamic exercise

Question 10

what fuels the machine of the body?

Answer 10

muscle contraction involves ATP which interacts with the sliding actin-myosin filatments

Question 11

glucose yields ______ with oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 11

36-39 ATP

Question 12

glucose yields ______ anaerobically

Answer 12

2-3 ATP

Question 13

fatty acids yield _______ per CH2CH2 unit

Answer 13

16 ATP

Question 14

oxygen delivery takes ______ mins to build up at the start of exercise

Answer 14

around 2 mins

Question 15

rapid depletion of ________
followed by __________ which gets the system going
and then finally _________ which sustains

Answer 15

ATP stores
creatine phosphate
aerobic glycolysis and lipolysis

Question 16

what is RQ

Answer 16

respiratory quotient = CO2 produced/O2 consumed

Question 17

what is the link between the RQ and the fuel that is burnt during exercise

Answer 17

as there respiratory quotient goes down, more and more lipids are being burnt rather than carbs

Question 18

what is the energy store in ATP

Answer 18

4kJ

Question 19

which form of ‘energy’ has the highest amount of energy store

Answer 19

lipids

Question 20

how to calculate conc of O2 in venous blood Cvo2

Answer 20

HbcSvo2 (term given to O2 bound to haemoglobin) + alpha*Pvo2 (term given to O2 dissolved in blood)

Question 21

how to calculate the conc of O2 dissolved in arterial blood Cao2

Answer 21

HbcSao2 (term given to O2 bound to haemoglobin) + alpha*Pao2 (term given to O2 dissolved in blood)

Question 22

what does ‘alpha’ stand for

Answer 22

the solubility of O2 usually o.23ml/l/kPa

Question 23

what is the usual PaO2 and PvO2

Answer 23

PaO2 = 13 kPa
PvO2 = 5kPa at rest

Question 24

what is the Hb

Answer 24

140g/l

Question 25

what does the c stand for

Answer 25

1.34ml/g

Question 26

how do you give net O2 consumption

Answer 26

cardiac output * (CaO2-CvO2) = CO{(Hb*c*SaO2)+(alpha*PaO2)-(Hb*c*SvO2)-(alpha*PvO2)} ``` Co is 5l/min at rest the first term in the brackets is big = around 184ml/l the second term is small = 3ml/l the third term is large = 137 ml/l the last term is very small 1ml/l ``` total roughly comes to 5l/min*49ml/l which is roughly 250ml/min

Question 27

which terms of the VdotO2 change during exercise?

Answer 27

we cannot change the overall saturation of the oxygen in the arterial blood as it is at its highest, so we need to change the cardiac output, the O2 PP, and the saturation of O2 on the venous side

Question 28

by how much does the CO increase during exercise

Answer 28

4 times

Question 29

by how

Answer 29

n