Exercise Physiology / Sports Science

Question 1

Antagonists

Answer 1

Muscles doing opposite things, one is contracting one is relaxing

Question 2

From muscle to myofilament hiearchy

Answer 2

Fascicle -> muscle cell / fiber -> myofibril -> thick/thin filaments (myofilaments)

Question 3

Z line, I band, A band, H band, M line, filaments in each

Question 4

Troponin complex and interactions

Answer 4

TnT = tropomyosin
TnC = calcium
TnI = myosin-binding site

Question 5

Muscle contraction mechanism

Answer 5

1.) ATP binds to myosin head, actin-myosin dissociates
2.) ATP hydrolyzed, causing myosin head to return to resting config.
3.) Cross-bridge forms, myosin binds to new position on actin
4.) P is released, power stroke, filaments slide
5.) ADP released, back to beginning

Question 6

Motor unit

Answer 6

A single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it activates.

Multiple called motor neuron pool.

Question 7

Type 1, Type IIa, Type IIb muscle

Answer 7

Type 1 : slow, Aerobic
Type IIa: Faster, Anaerobic/Aerobic
Type IIb: Fastest, Anaerobic

Question 8

Endurance vs Strength training

Answer 8

Endurance: low to moderate intensity several times a week.

Strength: High-intensity contractions performed several times a week.

Question 9

Power
Speed
Endurance
Mixed

Energy use / main source of ATP for ^^^

Answer 9

Power: few sec / stored atp and phosphocreatine
Speed: 10-60 sec, intense effort / Non-oxidative breakdown of carb stored as muscle glycogen to form ATP
Endurance: >1 min / Aerobic metabolism
Mixed: Prolonged, low-level activity with intermittent surges of intense effort / Aerobic and anaerobic metabolism

Question 10

Muscle fatigue

Central Fatigue

Peripheral Fatigue

Answer 10

Inability to maintain a desired power output

a