Among the various disciplines in exercise science, why is exercise physiology the most important for fitness professionals?
exercise physiology takes into account the effects of exercise on various systems of the body such as the cardiovascular or circulatory systems, respiration, muscles and bones, and the nervous system
What is the definition of exercise physiology
the study of the body’s responses and its adaptation to the stress of exercise. Both the acute and chronic effects of exercise on all aspects of body function are fundamental concerns in exercise physiology.
What is the primary purpose of the cardiovascular system?
to deliver nutrients to and remove metabolic waste products from the tissues.
What are the specific functions of the cardiovascular system?
- Transports deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs and oxygenated blood from lungs to heart
- Transports oxygenated blood from heart to tissues and deoxygenated blood from tissues to heart.
- Distributes nutrients to cells (glucose, free fatty acids, amino acids)
- Removes metabolic wastes (carbon dioxide, urea, lactate) for elimination or reuse
- Regulates pH to control acidosis or alkalosis
- Transports hormones and enzymes to regulate physiological function
- Maintains fluid balance to prevent dehydration
- Maintains body temperature by absorbing and redistributing heat
How many chambers make up the heart and what are they?
Heart has 4 chambers: two upper (atria- right & left) and two lower (ventricles- right & left)
What is the pericardium?
tissue covering of the heart; dbl-walled, loose-fitting membranous sac. Outer wall of pericardium has both fibrous (tough) and serous (smooth) layer
What is the interior lining of the heart called?
epicardium
What is the myocardium?
The thickest layer of tissue in the heart; the cardiac muscle.
The heart has two pumps in a single unit with four chambers or cavities. What part of the heart makes up the two pumps?
The right-sided heart (right atrium & right ventricle) and the left-sided heart (left atrium and left ventricle)
Which side of the heart collects deoxygenated blood from the periphery and pumps it through the lungs (pulmonary circuit)?
right side of the heart
Which side of the heart collects blood from the lungs and pumps it throughout the body (systemic circuit)?
left side of the heart
What is the function of the heart’s 4 valves?
to maintain blood flow in one direction
Definition of heart rate (HR)
the number of heart beats per minute (bpm)
What is the average normal resting HR?
60-80 bpm
How is HR measured?
by counting number of pulses over a given time period.
Definition of Stroke Volume (SV)
the amount of blood ejected from the LV in a single contraction.
True or False: In the same age group and gender, fit individuals have a lower resting HR than do unfit individuals because of a larger SV of the heart as a result of exercise training so that the heart does not have to pump as many times as before to maintain the same cardiac output (Q)
True
What is systolic blood pressure (SBP)?
The pressure being exerted on the arterial wall during contraction
What is diastolic blood pressure (DBP)?
The pressure during the relaxation phase of the ventricles
