Exercise Physiology

Question 1

What produces more energy by weight, CHO oxidations or FFA oxidation?

Answer 1

CHO oxidation

Question 2

Is it to easier change from slow to fast twitch fibres or vice versa?

Answer 2

Vice versa

Question 2

Why are older people more likely to be affected by hyperthermia?

Answer 2

They have a depressed CV system therefore are less able to utilise the blood circulation to remove heat

Question 4

What is VO2 max?

Answer 4

The maximum rate of O2 consumption possible being exertion.

Usually expressed as L/min or mL/(kg.min)

Question 5

How is blood volume maintained during exercise?

Answer 5

Intracellular and interstitial water is shunted into the plasma circulation

Question 6

How does mitochondrial fat oxidation change in response to exercise?

Answer 6

It increases

Question 6

How does distribution of CO to skin change in response to increase intensity of exercise?

Answer 6

It increases by up to 4 fold before reducing at near maximal intensity

Question 7

By what degree can CO increase in response to exercise in normal individuals?

Answer 7

Up to 5-fold increase

Question 7

What is a greater determinant of VO2 max, oxygen delivery to muscles or oxygen consumption by muscles?

Answer 7

O2 delivery

Question 8

Which cancers are most affected by physical inactivity?

Answer 8

Colon

Breast

Question 8

What is the equation for VO2?

Answer 8

CO * (CaO2 - CvO2)

Question 8

What is the major mechanism of heat loss in swimmers?

Answer 8

Conduction

Question 9

Define fatigue

Answer 9

The inability to produce the required amount of force or power output

Question 10

Why is the creation of an exercise mimicing pill so difficult?

Answer 10

Because of 50% of the protective of effect of exercise is understood

Question 11

What is functional sympatholysis?

Answer 11

This is where locally produced factors desensitise sympathetic NS signalling to sympathetic vasoconstrictor effects in order to prevent them causing vasoconstriction while the muscle has a high O2 demand

Question 12

What is fat max?

Answer 12

The level of exercise intensity at which the most fat is burnt?

Question 13

At what level of intensity is fat max reached during intense exercise?

Answer 13

55% of Wmax

Question 14

How is the proportion of one’s muscles which are type I fibres collerated to one body fat percentage?

Answer 14

The more type I fibres, the less body fat

Question 15

How does O2 uptake change in response to increasingly powerful activity output?

Answer 15

It increases to an upper limit

Question 15

What drives the initial hyperapnea in response to exercise?

Answer 15

Higher corticol control

Muscle afferents

Question 16

What is hyperaemia?

Answer 16

Increase in blood supply to tissues

Question 17

What is the pattern of recruitment of different muscle fibre types over the course of a contraction?

Answer 17

Slow twitch > Type IIa > Type IIb

Question 18

How does GLUT4 expression change in response to exercise?

Answer 18

It increases

Question 20

What is the metabolic equilivant of task (MET)?

Answer 20

The ratio of energy consumption for metabolic activity during exercise vs at rest.

It is used as a measure of fitness

Question 20

What is the major source of energy during endurance exercise at 75% Wmax?

Answer 20

Muscle glycogen

Question 21

What drives hyperapnea in high intensity exercise?

Answer 21

High H+, lactate, K+ High temperature and catecholamines

Question 22

Which increases more in response to exercise, diastolic or systolic BP?

Answer 22

Systolic Diastolic doesn't change significantly

Question 23

What produces more energy by weight, CHO oxidation or glycolysis metabolism?

Answer 23

Glycolysis

Question 25

What has more capacity as a fuel source, FFA or CHOs?

Answer 25

FFAs

Question 26

What is the main reason why athletes have a greater VO2 max cf to untrained people?

Answer 26

They have a greater capacity to increase their CO

Question 27

Are genetics a more important deterrminant of success for sprinters or long distance runners?

Answer 27

Sprinters

Question 28

Why do highly trained cyclists sometimes get haemodilution?

Answer 28

They get an increase in blood volume without an accompanying increase in RBCs

Question 29

How does the muscle's microvasculature change in response to exercise?

Answer 29

Increase capillary density Increase capillary recruitment

Question 31

Build up of which compounds in muscle contributes to its fatigue?

Answer 31

ADP Mg Pi

Question 32

What causes cardiovascular drift?

Answer 32

Hyperthermia Dehydration Increase plasma [adrenaline] Displacement of blood to the peripheral circulation

Question 34

Do men or women burn relatively more fat?

Answer 34

Women

Question 36

What is the another name for type I muscle fibres?

Answer 36

Slow twitch muscle fibres

Question 37

What causes the decreased hyperventilation in trained individuals?

Answer 37

Reduced blood lactate/H+ Lower plasma K+ Lower plasma catecholamines

Question 39

What type of muscle fibres have the least mitochondria?

Answer 39

Type IIb

Question 40

What is the mechanism by which blood flow to muscle is increased in response to exercise?

Answer 40

Metabolic vasodilators are released by contracting myocytes, endothelials and RBCs Muscle pump redistributes blood

Question 41

How can amphetamines be used to enhance performance?

Answer 41

They block the perception of fatigue

Question 41

How is it possible that MAP and HR can increase stimultaneously during exercise?

Answer 41

THe baroreceptor threshold is increased

Question 42

What is VO2?

Answer 42

The rate of oxygen consumed by tissue per an amount of time Usually measured as L/min or mL/(kg.min)

Question 43

What is IMP?

Answer 43

A break down product of ADP

Question 45

What causes the increase in CO in response to training?

Answer 45

Increased blood volume Increase in Frank-Starling mechanism Increased heart size Increase LV chamber size and mass Increased adrenergic sensitivity

Question 46

What are the major fuel sources during a 10s sprint

Answer 46

Glycolysis Phosphocreatine ATP

Question 47

How does carbohydrate use by mitochondria change in response to training?

Answer 47

Decreased carbohydrate usage

Question 48

What are the two molecular targets of exercise pills?

Answer 48

PPARdelta AMPK

Question 49

What is cardiovascular drift?

Answer 49

The increase in HR and decrease in SV that occurs in response to prolonged exercise

Question 50

How do you differentiate fatigue from muscle weakness?

Answer 50

Muscle weakness occurs at rest