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Hugh's Exercise > Exercise Physiology > Flashcards

Exercise Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What produces more energy by weight, CHO oxidations or FFA oxidation?

A

CHO oxidation

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2
Q

Is it to easier change from slow to fast twitch fibres or vice versa?

A

Vice versa

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2
Q

Why are older people more likely to be affected by hyperthermia?

A

They have a depressed CV system therefore are less able to utilise the blood circulation to remove heat

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4
Q

What is VO2 max?

A

The maximum rate of O2 consumption possible being exertion.

Usually expressed as L/min or mL/(kg.min)

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5
Q

How is blood volume maintained during exercise?

A

Intracellular and interstitial water is shunted into the plasma circulation

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6
Q

How does mitochondrial fat oxidation change in response to exercise?

A

It increases

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6
Q

How does distribution of CO to skin change in response to increase intensity of exercise?

A

It increases by up to 4 fold before reducing at near maximal intensity

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7
Q

By what degree can CO increase in response to exercise in normal individuals?

A

Up to 5-fold increase

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7
Q

What is a greater determinant of VO2 max, oxygen delivery to muscles or oxygen consumption by muscles?

A

O2 delivery

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8
Q

Which cancers are most affected by physical inactivity?

A

Colon

Breast

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8
Q

What is the equation for VO2?

A

CO * (CaO2 - CvO2)

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8
Q

What is the major mechanism of heat loss in swimmers?

A

Conduction

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9
Q

Define fatigue

A

The inability to produce the required amount of force or power output

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10
Q

Why is the creation of an exercise mimicing pill so difficult?

A

Because of 50% of the protective of effect of exercise is understood

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11
Q

What is functional sympatholysis?

A

This is where locally produced factors desensitise sympathetic NS signalling to sympathetic vasoconstrictor effects in order to prevent them causing vasoconstriction while the muscle has a high O2 demand

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12
Q

What is fat max?

A

The level of exercise intensity at which the most fat is burnt?

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13
Q

At what level of intensity is fat max reached during intense exercise?

A

55% of Wmax

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14
Q

How is the proportion of one’s muscles which are type I fibres collerated to one body fat percentage?

A

The more type I fibres, the less body fat

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15
Q

How does O2 uptake change in response to increasingly powerful activity output?

A

It increases to an upper limit

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15
Q

What drives the initial hyperapnea in response to exercise?

A

Higher corticol control

Muscle afferents

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16
Q

What is hyperaemia?

A

Increase in blood supply to tissues

17
Q

What is the pattern of recruitment of different muscle fibre types over the course of a contraction?

A

Slow twitch > Type IIa > Type IIb

18
Q

How does GLUT4 expression change in response to exercise?

A

It increases

20
Q

What is the metabolic equilivant of task (MET)?

A

The ratio of energy consumption for metabolic activity during exercise vs at rest.

It is used as a measure of fitness

20
Q

What is the major source of energy during endurance exercise at 75% Wmax?

A

Muscle glycogen

21
Q

What drives hyperapnea in high intensity exercise?

A

High H+, lactate, K+

High temperature and catecholamines

22
Q

Which increases more in response to exercise, diastolic or systolic BP?

A

Systolic

Diastolic doesn’t change significantly

23
Q

What produces more energy by weight, CHO oxidation or glycolysis metabolism?

A

Glycolysis

25
Q

What has more capacity as a fuel source, FFA or CHOs?

A

FFAs

26
Q

What is the main reason why athletes have a greater VO2 max cf to untrained people?

A

They have a greater capacity to increase their CO

27
Q

Are genetics a more important deterrminant of success for sprinters or long distance runners?

A

Sprinters

28
Q

Why do highly trained cyclists sometimes get haemodilution?

A

They get an increase in blood volume without an accompanying increase in RBCs

29
Q

How does the muscle’s microvasculature change in response to exercise?

A

Increase capillary density

Increase capillary recruitment

31
Q

Build up of which compounds in muscle contributes to its fatigue?

A

ADP

Mg

Pi

32
Q

What causes cardiovascular drift?

A

Hyperthermia

Dehydration

Increase plasma [adrenaline]

Displacement of blood to the peripheral circulation

34
Q

Do men or women burn relatively more fat?

A

Women

36
Q

What is the another name for type I muscle fibres?

A

Slow twitch muscle fibres

37
Q

What causes the decreased hyperventilation in trained individuals?

A

Reduced blood lactate/H+

Lower plasma K+

Lower plasma catecholamines

39
Q

What type of muscle fibres have the least mitochondria?

A

Type IIb

40
Q

What is the mechanism by which blood flow to muscle is increased in response to exercise?

A

Metabolic vasodilators are released by contracting myocytes, endothelials and RBCs

Muscle pump redistributes blood

41
Q

How can amphetamines be used to enhance performance?

A

They block the perception of fatigue

41
Q

How is it possible that MAP and HR can increase stimultaneously during exercise?

A

THe baroreceptor threshold is increased

42
Q

What is VO2?

A

The rate of oxygen consumed by tissue per an amount of time

Usually measured as L/min or mL/(kg.min)

43
Q

What is IMP?

A

A break down product of ADP

45
Q

What causes the increase in CO in response to training?

A

Increased blood volume

Increase in Frank-Starling mechanism

Increased heart size

Increase LV chamber size and mass

Increased adrenergic sensitivity

46
Q

What are the major fuel sources during a 10s sprint

A

Glycolysis

Phosphocreatine

ATP

47
Q

How does carbohydrate use by mitochondria change in response to training?

A

Decreased carbohydrate usage

48
Q

What are the two molecular targets of exercise pills?

A

PPARdelta

AMPK

49
Q

What is cardiovascular drift?

A

The increase in HR and decrease in SV that occurs in response to prolonged exercise

50
Q

How do you differentiate fatigue from muscle weakness?

A

Muscle weakness occurs at rest

Hugh's Exercise (4 decks)

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