Exercise Physiology

Question 0

Increased HR due to _________ parasympathetic stimulation and _________ sympathetic stimulation of the sinoatrial (SA) node.

Answer 0

decreased; increased

Question 1

Drastic increase in Cardiac Output (CO) due to _____ increase in Heart Rate (HR) and ____ increase in Stroke Volume (SV).

Answer 1

large; small

Question 2

Increased ventricular contractility leads to an increase in the volume of blood pumped with each beat. What is the result?

Answer 2

an increased SV

Question 3

Increased HR and contractility are in proportion to what?

Answer 3

exercise intensity

Question 4

The large CO is because there is also an _______ venous return from skeletal muscle pumps and respiratory pump, and due to ease of blood flow through _____ ______ ______ arterioles. (Frank-Starling Law) Starling Law)

Answer 4

increased; dilated skeletal muscle

Question 5

Maximum dynamic exercise induces _____ HR, but SV _____ in moderate work with no change as a result of maximal exercise intensity.

Answer 5

maximum; plateaus

Question 6

CO distribution shifts markedly, increasing the flow required for the additional work performed by the heart. Shifts occur between which 3 areas?

Answer 6

• skeletal muscle
• skin for dissipation of heat
• heart

Question 7

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) increases slightly due to increased ____ and decreased ______

Answer 7

CO; Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR)

Question 8

What is the most obvious physiological response to acute dynamic exercise?

Answer 8

Increased breathing

Question 9

Increased Minute Ventilation (L/min)-initial rise is linear with increased exercise intensity; supralinear rise occurs from ________ to _______ intensity.

Answer 9

moderate to maximum

Question 10

Alveolar ventilation increases dramatically (rate and volume increases) due to increased _______ ________.

Answer 10

muscle metabolism

Question 11

Moderate to maximum intensity exercise leads to _____ ______ production in the working muscles (anaerobic threshold).

Answer 11

lactic acid

Question 12

Increased circulating lactic acid induces _______ _____ which leads to increased ventilation, decreased arterial PCO2, and maintaining arterial pH until near-exhaustion.

Answer 12

metabolic acidosis

Question 13

Unable to compensate at exhaustion causes decreased _____ and decreased ____

Answer 13

PCO2; pH

Question 14

Which hormone increases with an increase in exercise habits; especially with high intensity exercises

Answer 14

GH

Question 15

Which hormones increases with an increase in exercise habits?

Answer 15

TSH, Prolactin, ADH, Aldosterone, T3/T4, Glucagon, Norephinephrine

Question 16

Which hormone increases with long-duration exercises?

Answer 16

endorphins, parathyroid hormone

Question 17

Which hormone increases with heavy exercises only?

Answer 17

Cortisol and epinephrine

Question 18

Which hormones decreases with an increase in exercise habits?

Answer 18

Insulin

Question 19

Which hormones can increase or decrease depending on menstrual cycle?

Answer 19

Estrogen and progesterone

Question 20

Which hormone increases with all exercise and outweighs any short-term prolactin increase?

Answer 20

Testosterone

Question 21

Large increase in percentage of CO goes to what?

Answer 21

exercising skeletal muscle

Question 22

What increases due to increased muscle contraction?

Answer 22

Body temperature

Question 23

True/False: In early exercise of skeletal muscle, increased use of creatine phosphate and glycogen form ATP

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Low ATP and creatine phosphate stimulate which two processes?

Answer 24

• glycolysis

- oxidative phosphorylation

Question 25

True/False: Exercise can increase rates of ATP formation and breakdown more than tenfold.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

ATP and creatine phosphate are an anaerobic source of what type of energy?

Answer 26

Short, explosive bursts - <20-30 seconds

Question 27

Glucose from stored glycogen in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic glycolysis) is an anaerobic source of what type of energy?

Answer 27

Intense bursts of activity - ~2 minutes

Question 28

Glucose, lipids, proteins in the presence of oxygen are what type of energy source?

Answer 28

aerobic source

Question 29

Muscle fatigue results with ____ ____ build up

Answer 29

lactic acid

Question 30

What happens when a muscle cell is less responsive to motor neuron stimulation?

Answer 30

Ionic imbalances

Question 31

Oxidation of fat can only support around ___% of the maximal aerobic power output.

Answer 31

60%