exercise physiology Flashcards
Acclimatisation
the process of an athlete adjusting to new environmental conditions in order to assist with performance
Conduction
the transfer of heat through direct contact with another object
Convection
The transfer of heat through the movement of air or water
Evaporation
Transfer of heat resulting from evaporation of sweat from the body
Glycaemic Index
the degree to which carbohydrates can affect blood glucose levels
Hydration
The process of replacing water in the body
Macrocycle
Longest part of a training program, typically 1 year (made up of many mesocycles and microcycles)
Mesocycle
A block of training that usually lasts 3-4 microcycles (weeks) and is designed to achieve a specific goal
Microcycle
The shortest phase of a training program, usually 1 week
Peaking
Planning training in such a way that mental, physical and emotional attributes reach optimal performance at the appropriate time (usually finals)
Periodisation
The process of breaking up a training program into smaller blocks, often related to the performance (season)
Radiation
The transfer of heat to/from surroundings. Heat moves from warmth to cool
Tapering
Reducing an athlete’s or team’s training load in the lead up to competition in order to optmise performance
carbohydrates broken into
glucose
carbohydrates stored as
glycogen
fats broken into
fatty acids
fats stored as
triglycerides
protein broken into
amino acids
protein stored as
amino acid chains
what is the preferred fuel source for making ATP
carbohydrates
what fuel source is readily used at rest or once carbs are used up
fats
which fuel source is only used for extreme conditions such as ultramarathons
protein
what is ATP
- adenosine triphosphate
- basic unit of chemical energy used in the body
- 1 adenosine, 3 phosphates
ATP breakdown
- energy for muscle contraction is released when the 3rd phosphate bond is broken (leaving ADP, phosphate and energy)
- the energy for ATP resynthesis is provided by the splitting of the phosphate creatine bond
