Exercise determinants

Question 1

What are determinants?

Answer 1

• Factors that influence Bs or outcomes
• True determinants are causal (factors that directly affect exercise B)

Question 2

How are determinants identified?

Answer 2

Through rigorous prospective studies (studies that are longitudinal with multiple time points and follow-ups - e.g. birth cohort studies)

Question 3

What are correlates and how are they identified?

Answer 3

• Most research relates to correlates (factors associated with exercise)
• Can be identified through cross-sectional studies (take population and look at a single time point to draw associations)

Question 4

What is the difference between correlates and determinants?

Answer 4

Cross-sectional associations should be referred to as ‘correlates’ and the term ‘determinant’ is reserved for longitudinal studies (Bauman et al., 2002)

Question 5

Why are determinants important?

Answer 5

• To understand reasons for lack of action to develop appropriate interventions
• Why people may not engage within PA and allow targeted interventions

Question 6

From an ecological perspective, why are some people PA and others not?

Answer 6

Bauman et al (2012)

• physiological, psychological and social factors

Question 7

How are non-modifiable and modifiable factors approached within interventions?

Answer 7

• Non-modifiable factors – considered in intervention design
• Modifiable factors – targeted for change within interventions

Question 8

List all 6 demographic (physical) exercise determinants

Answer 8

Health
Age
Sex
Race
Education
Weight

Question 9

List all 4 psychological exercise determinants

Answer 9

Self-efficacy (Bandura, 1977- situationally specific self-confidence)
Exercise past
Intentions
Perceived control

Question 10

List both social exercise determinants

Answer 10

Social support
Parental support (in high-income countries)

Question 11

List all 4 environmental exercise determinants

Answer 11

Proximity to facilities
Walkability
Aesthetics
Job strain

Question 12

What are the three domains of COM-B behavioural analysis

Answer 12

1. capability
2. opportunity
3. motivation

Question 13

Define capability

Answer 13

An individual’s psychological and physical capacity to carry out a specific activity

Question 14

What are the two types of capability? Give examples

Answer 14

1. Physical capability - highlights physical skills, access to equipment etc. (so barriers would be lack of skills/ access)
2. Psychological capability - knowledge, knowing PA is good for you (so barrier to B may be lack of knowledge)

Question 15

What are the two types of opportunity? Give examples

Answer 15

1. Physical opportunity - identifying barriers to undertaking activity (e.g. environmental - lack of space)
2. Social opportunity - social norms (difficult to address in short time)

Question 16

What are the two types of opportunity? Define them and give examples

Answer 16

1. Reflective - how normal people operate (e.g. length of time taken for investment return as a barrier)
2. Automatic - utilising emotion to override reflective motivation