Exercise biochemistry in clinical settings (wk9) Flashcards
How to measure (organ) health (4 things)
-Function
-Size
-Blood flow
-Cell activity
Describe exercise and frailty
Frailty is considered highly prevalent in old age and to confer high risk for falls, disability, hospitalization, and mortality. Frailty has been considered synonymous with disability, comorbidity, and other characteristics, but it’s recognised that it may have a biological basis and be a distinct clinical syndrome
How is frailty defined as
. Frailty is defined as ‘a clinical syndrome in which 3 or more of the following criteria are present’:
* Un-intentional weight loss
* Self-reported exhaustion
* Weakness (grip strength)
* Slow walking speed
* Low physical activity
Short Physical Performance Battery short description
-The Short Physical Performance Battery is an effective test to measure the frailty in the older population
Causes of frailty
-Causes of frailty -> Associations between physical frailty and dementia incidence: a prospective study from UK Biobank – Found in the study, using data from 143,215 participants from UK Biobank, identified that individuals with pre-frailty and frailty were at a higher risk or dementia compared with non-frail individuals. Pre-frailty and frailty accounted for 9.9% and 8.6% of dementia cases in the study sample, respectively. By preventing frailty, could prevent 9% of dementia causes ~14,000 in this sample size.
What are biomarkers are separation of complex mixtures
-Biomarkers -> Biomarkers can represent other changes. The most reliable biomarkers are stable, quick to measure.
-Separation of complex mixtures -> Biological samples are complex mixtures. Separation techniques rely on using the properties of the separate components. Methods commonly used: Mass Spectroscopy, Chromatography, Western Blotting.
What is HBA1C
-HBA1C -> HbA1c is your average blood glucose (sugar) levels for the last 2 to 3 months. If you have diabetes, an ideal HbA1c level is 48mmol/mol (6.5%) or below. If you’re at risk of developing type 2 diabetes, your target HbA1c level should be below 42 mmol/mol (6%). HbA1c is glycated haemoglobin. This is something that’s made when the glucose (sugar) in your body sticks to your RBC. Your body can’t use the sugar properly, so more of it sticks to your blood cells and builds up in your blood. Red blood cells are active for around 2-3 months, which is why the reading is taken quarterly.
Physiology (biochemistry and metabolism) vs psychology -> First episode psychosis and schizophrenia
-Physiology (biochemistry and metabolism) vs psychology -> First episode psychosis and schizophrenia:
* Positive symptoms – Hallucinations and delusions
* Negative symptoms – Emotional withdrawal, Lack of interest, Avoids communication, Lack of motivation
* Cognitive impairment – Worsened memory and ability to think and make decisions
WHOQOL and WHODAS
+Include assessment
-WHOQOL and WHODAS -> WHODAS 2.0 covers 6 domains of functioning, including:
* Cognition – understanding and communicating
* Mobility – moving and getting around
* Self-care – hygiene, dressing, eating and staying along
* Getting along – interacting with other people
* Life activities – domestic responsibilities, leisure, work and school
* Participation – joining in community activities
WHOQOL – Assesses individuals’ perceptions of their positions in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns.
* The physical health domain includes items on mobility, daily activities, functional capacity, energy, pain, and sleep.
* The psychological domain measures include self-image, negative thoughts, positive attitudes, self-esteem, mentality, learning ability, memory concentration, religion, and the mental status
* Developed in 15 cultural settings, tested in 37 settings, exists in 29 language versions
WHOQOL-BREF is an abbreviated 26 item assessment
