Exercise and Pregnancy Flashcards
What are some endocrine changes with pregnancy?
- Gonadotropin
- Progesterone
- Estrogens
What are some cardiovascular system changes during pregnancy?
- Uterine Blood Flow
What are some renal changes during pregnancy?
- Renal Blood Flow
- Glomerular Filtration Rate
What are some Respiration and Acid-Base Balances during pregnancy?
- Increased VE
- Reduced PaCO2/Respiratory Alkalosis
What does increased estrogen during pregnancy do?
- Decreased peripheral vascular resistance
- Decreased mean arterial pressure
- Activation of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
- Na+ Retention
- Decreased Na+H2O
- Decreased Osmolatity
- Increased Blood Volume
What does increased Estrogen and progesterone during pregnancy lead to?
- Increased drive to breathe
- Increased Ventilation
- Decreased PCO2
What does a decreased osmotic threshold for this and AVP release lead to in pregnancy?
- H2O retention
- Decreased Na+H2O
- Decreased Osmolality
What changes occur to Autonomic control in pregnancy?
- Altered skeletal muscle blood flow
- Increased Burst Incidence
Describe the Cardiovagal Baroreflex Gain in pregnacy
Baroreflex control of cardiovascular system reset:
- Reset Downward in pregnant women
- Favoring shorter R-R intervals
- No significant change to SBP
Describe the central ventilatory chemoreflex in pregnancy
- Response to hyperoxic hypercapnia in late pregnancy
- Increase in subthreshold VE
- Decrease central chemoreflex ventilatory recruitment threshold for CO2
- Increase in central chemoreflex sensitivity
- Chemical control of breathing altered
Describe the increase in progesterone and estrogen effect on ventilatory control
- Increase in CNS progesterone receptors
- Increase Neutral drive to breathe
- Increase in pulmonary ventilation
What does the increase in pulmonary ventilation caused by the increase in estrogen and progesterone in pregnancy do?
Decreased
- H+ Blood
- Brain ECF
- Threshold of Chemoreflex
Increased
- Sensitivity of Chemoreflex
What is the hypothesis of ventilatory control during human pregnancy?
Increased Progesterone and Estrogen
- Increase CNS Progesterone Receptor
- Increased Neutral drive to breathe
- Increase ventilation
- Increase PaO2 / Decrease PaCO2
- Decreased H+ blood / Brain ECF
- Decrease threshold / increase sensitivity of central & peripheral chemoreflex response to CO2
- Increased ventilation
What does the mother transport and exchange with the fetus during pregnancy?
- Glucose
- Nutrients
- Substrates
- Hormone Precursors
What does the Fetus exchange and transport with the mother during pregnancy?
- Waste Products (CO2, Heat, and Metabolic Byproducts)
What is affected the most by the increased metabolic demands for exercise?
- The cardiovascular system