Exercise and Chronic Conditions (Slides 21-42)

Question 1

BP rises quite a bit during resistance exercise, but does chronic resistance training cause elevated BP?

Answer 1

Nope! Chronic resistance training doesn’t elevate resting BP - Resistance training actually reduces typical short-term BP increases

Question 2

Can resistance exercise be used to lower BP in hypertensive individuals?

Answer 2

Yes - it shouldn’t be used as the sole exercise mode though

Question 3

Heart disease pathogenesis progresses in what 5 stages?

Answer 3

1. Injury to endothelial cell wall of coronary artery
2. Fibroblastic proliferation of inner artery lining
3. Further obstruction of blood flow as fat accumulates
4. Cellular degeneration and subsequent formation of hyalin within arterial intima
5. Calcium deposition at edges of hyalinated area

Question 4

Athersclerosis appears on chromosome __ and accounts for nearly __% of all cases of CHD. How is it expressed?

Answer 4

19; 50%

Abdominal obesity, low LDH, high LDL

Question 5

Angina Pectoris: Chest pain occurs in __% of initial manifestations of CHD - what does this indicate?

1/3 of those experiencing recurring angina die suddenly from what?

Answer 5

30%; inadequate coronary blood flow

myocardial infarction

Question 6

___ ___ occurs from sudden insufficiency in myocardial blood flow, usually from coronary artery occlusion - severe fatigue is usually experienced for several days preceding an incident

Answer 6

Myocardial Infarction (MI)

Question 7

What is congestive heart failure (CHF)?

Answer 7

when the heart fails to pump adequately to meet needs

Question 8

What are the primary causes of CHF?

Answer 8

1. Narrowed arteries from CHD
2. Past MI with necrosis
3. Chronic hypertension
4. Heart valve disease from past rheumatic fever
5. Intrinsic myocardial disease
6. Cardiomyopathy
7. Congenital defects
8. Infected heart valves

Question 9

CHF treatment and rehabilitation?

Answer 9

Regular PA during rehabilitation

Question 10

PA guidelines for CHF treatment?

Answer 10

Intensity: 40-60% VO2 peak or light to somewhat hard based on RPE
Duration: can increase 20-40 min 3x/wk - after 6-12 wks, patients can undertake an unsupervised home program

Question 11

For CHF patients who contract before age 60, about __% die within 1 year of diagnosis and nearly __ die within 5 years

Answer 11

20%; half

Question 12

6 warning symptoms of cardiac decompensation?

Answer 12

1. Dyspnea
2. Hypo-tension
3. Cough
4. Angina
5. Lightheaded
6. Arrhythmia

Question 13

Heart valve diseases include? (3) What do these cause?

Answer 13

1. Stenosis (narrowing/constriction)
2. Insufficiency (closes improper - blood comes back in)
3. Prolapse (enlarged valve bulges back into L atrium)

Heart’s workload increases

Question 14

Cardiac diseases that affect heart’s electrical conduction system include?

Answer 14

Dysrhythmias that cause heart to beat irregularly:

• tachycardia
• bradycardia
• ectopic, extrasystole
• premature ventricular contraction

Question 15

Why is it important to ensure proper health screening occurs before initiating exercise intervention?

Answer 15

To ensure that the person is medically safe to exercise!

Question 16

Didnt know how to make card for “Normal and Abnormal ECG Changes During Exercise”

Answer 16

look at it?

Question 17

_____ ____: dye injected into vein/artery with subsequent radiography images
- what is this the gold standard for?

Answer 17

coronary angiography
- assess coronary blood flow
unfortunately can not be used during exercise or used to see how easily blood flows

Question 18

What are the 6 functions in CHD evaluation?

Answer 18

1. Diagnose overt heart disease and screens
   for “silent” CHD in seemingly healthy adults
2. Assess exercise-related chest symptoms
3. Screen candidates for entry into preventive
   and cardiac rehabilitative programs
4. Uncover abnormal BP responses
5. Monitor value of therapeutic interventions to improve heart disease status and CV function
6. Quantify functional aerobic capacity

Question 19

What are 6 exercise-induced indicators of CHD?

Answer 19

1. Angina pectoris
2. ECG abnormalities (S-T segment depression indicates severe, extensive obstruction in one or more coronary arteries)
3. Cardiac Rhythm abnormailites
4. Hypertensive exercise response
5. Hypotensive exercise response
6. Abnormal HR response

Question 20

Cardiac patients respond to exercise training with physiologic adjustments that reduce cardiac work at any given external exercise load

Answer 20

:)

Question 21

What can resistance exercises with normal cardiac rehabilitation do? (3)

Answer 21

• restores strength
• preserves FFM improves psychologic
  status and quality of life
• increases glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity

Question 22

Parkinsons disease is a motor system disorder that results from a loss of what?

Answer 22

dopamine-producing brain cells

Question 23

How can exercise help Parkinson’s Disease?

Answer 23

Targets motor control problems by emphasizing slow, controlled movements for specific tasks - can help with coping with movement disorder symptoms