Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P Lab > Exercise 9 > Flashcards

Exercise 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Skeleton

A

The body’s framework; Constructed of cartilage and bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Functions of the skeleton

A
  • support and protect
  • system of levers with the skeletal muscles
  • store lipids and minerals
  • hematopoiesis (blood cell formation)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two divisions of the skeleton?

A

Axial: bones that lie around the body’s center of gravity
Appendicular: bones of the limbs or appendages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name the 7 most important skeleton cartilages

A
  1. ) Articular: cover the bone ends at movable joints
  2. ) Costal: found connecting the ribs to the sternum (breastbone)
  3. ) Laryngeal: largely constructs the larynx (voice box)
  4. ) Tracheal and bronchial: reinforce other passageways of the respiratory system
  5. ) Nasal: support the external nose
  6. ) Intervertebral discs: separate and cushion bones of the spine (vertebrae)
  7. ) Cartilage of the ear
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the dense connective tissue covering in cartilage called?

A

Perichondrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the three cartilage tissue types?

A

Hyaline: sturdy support with some resilience
Elastic: more flexible, tolerates bending better
Fibrocartilage: great tensile strength, can withstand heavy compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Compact bone

A

Smooth and homogeneous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Spongy bone

A

Composed of small trabeculae (bars) of bone and lots of open space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Long bones

A

Longer than they are wide, shaft with heads at either end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Short bones

A

Typically cube shaped, contain more spongy bone than compact bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Flat bones

A

Generally thin, with two waferlike layers of compact bone sandwiching a layer of spongy bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Irregular bones

A

Bones that do not fall into one of the other bone categories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sesamoid bones

A

Special types of short bones formed in tendons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Wormian (sutural) bones

A

Tiny bones between cranial bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How many bones are in an adult?

A

206

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Bone markings

A

Where bones from joints with other bones, where muscles, tendons, and ligaments were attached, and where blood vessels and nerves passed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the categories of bone markings?

A

Projections: processes that grow out form the bone and serve as sites of muscle attachment or help form joints
Depressions (cavities): indentations or openings in the bone that serve as conduits for nerves and blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Tuberosity

A

(Site of muscle and ligament attachment) Large rounded projection; may be roughened

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Crest

A

(Site of muscle and ligament attachment) Narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Trochanter

A

(Site of muscle and ligament attachment) Very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process (only in femur)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Line

A

(Site of muscle and ligament attachment) Narrow ridge of bone; less prominent that a crest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Tubercle

A

(Site of muscle and ligament attachment) Small rounded projection or process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Epicondyle

A

(Site of muscle and ligament attachment) Raised area on or above a condyle

24
Q

Spine

A

(Site of muscle and ligament attachment) Sharp, slender, often pointed projection

25
Q

Process

A

(Site of muscle and ligament attachment) Any bony prominence

26
Q

Head

A

(Help form joints) Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck

27
Q

Facet

A

(Help form joints) Smooth, nearly flat, articular surface

28
Q

Condyle

A

(Help form joints) Rounded articular projection

29
Q

Ramus

A

(Help form joints) Armlike bar of bone

30
Q

Groove

A

(Passage of blood vessels and nerves) Furrow

31
Q

Fissure

A

(Passage of blood vessels and nerves) Narrow, slitlike opening

32
Q

Foramen

A

(Passage of blood vessels and nerves) Round or oval opening through a bone

33
Q

Notch

A

(Passage of blood vessels and nerves) Indentation at the edge of a structure

34
Q

Meatus

A

(Others) Canal-like passageway

35
Q

Sinus

A

(Others) Bone cavity, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane

36
Q

Fossa

A

(Others) Shallow, basinlike depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface

37
Q

Endochondral ossification

A

Except for the collarbones, all bones of the body inferior to the skull form in the embryo by this process

38
Q

Where does endochondral ossification begin?

A

Primary ossification center of the shaft of a developing bone

39
Q

What is another name for the shaft of a bone?

A

Diaphysis

40
Q

Periosteum

A

Fibrous membrane covering the bone surface

41
Q

Perforating (Sharpey’s) fibers

A

Fibers of the periosteum that penetrate into the bone

42
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Bone-forming cells

43
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Bone-destroying cells

44
Q

Epiphysis

A

The end of a long bone

45
Q

Epiphyseal plate

A

Thin area of hyaline cartilage that provides for longitudinal growth during youth

46
Q

Epiphyseal lines

A

Replace the epiphyseal plate

47
Q

What is the central cavity of the shaft called and what does it do?

A

Medullary cavity; Stores adipose tissue (yellow marrow)

48
Q

Where is red marrow found?

A

In infants, the marrow cavities; In adults, confined to the interior of the epiphyses

49
Q

Endosteum

A

Lines the trabeculae of spongy bone and the canals of compact bone

50
Q

Central (Haversian) canal

A

Runs parallel to the long axis of the bone; Carries blood vessels, nerves, and lymph vessels (nerve, vein, artery)

51
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature bone cells

52
Q

Lacunae

A

Chambers with contain osteocytes

53
Q

Concentric lamellae

A

The arrangement of the osteocytes and lacunae around the central canal

54
Q

Osteon (Haversian system)

A

Cental canal and all the concentric lamellae

55
Q

Canaliculi

A

Tiny canal radiating outward from a central canal to the lacunae of the first lamella and then from lamella to lamella

56
Q

Perforating (Volkmann’s) canal

A

Run into the compact bone and marrow cavity from the periosteum at right angles to the shaft; Complete the communication pathway between interior and exterior of bone

A&P Lab (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions