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A&P Lab > Exercise 10 > Flashcards

Exercise 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Can be divided into three parts: the skull, vertebral column, and bony thorax

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2
Q

Skull

A

Composed of two sets of bones:
Cranium: enclose and protect the fragile brain tissue
Facial bones: present in the eyes in an anterior position and form the base for the facial muscles

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3
Q

What are sutures? Name the sutures of the skull.

A

Joints that join the bones of the skull; coronal, squamous, sagittal, lambdoid

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4
Q

Frontal bone

A

Anterior portion of the cranium; forms the forehead, superior part of the orbit, and floor of anterior cranial fossa

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5
Q

Parietal bone

A

Posteriolateral to the frontal bone

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6
Q

Temporal bone

A

Inferior to the parietal bone on the lateral skull

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7
Q

Important markings of the temporal bone

A

Squamous suture: point of articulation of the temporal bone with the parietal bone
Zygomatic process: Bridgelike projection joining the zygomatic bone (cheekbone) anteriorly
Mandibular fossa: Rounded depression on the inferior surface of the zygomatic process (anterior to the ear); forms the socket for the mandibular condyle, where the mandible (lower jaw) forms the cranium

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8
Q

Occipital bone

A

Most posterior bone of the cranium–forms floor and back wall; contains the foramen magnum and occipital condyles

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9
Q

Sphenoid bone

A

Bat shaped bone forming the anterior plateau of the middle cranial fossa across the width of the skull; contains greater wings, lesser wings, and the sella turcica

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10
Q

Ethmoid bone

A

Irregularly shaped bone anterior to the sphenoid; Forms the roof of the nasal cavity; contains the crista galli, cribiform plates, and perpendicular plate

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11
Q

Foramen magnum

A

Large opening in the base of occipital, which allows the spinal cord to join the brain

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12
Q

Occipital condyles

A

Rounded projections lateral to the foramen magnum that articulate with the first cervical vertebra (atlas)

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13
Q

Greater wings

A

Portions of the sphenoid seen exteriorly anterior to the temporal and forming a part of the eye orbits

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14
Q

Lesser wings

A

Bat-shaped portions of the sphenoid anterior to the sella turcica

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15
Q

Sella tucica (Turk’s saddle)

A

A saddle shaped region in the sphenoid midline. The seat of the saddle is called the hypophyseal fossa, which surrounds the pituitary gland

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16
Q

Crista galli (Cock’s comb)

A

Vertical projection providing a point of attachment for the dura mater, helping secure the brain within the skull

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17
Q

Cribiform plates

A

Bony plates lateral to the crista galli through which olfactory fibers pass to the brain from the nasal mucosa

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18
Q

Perpendicular plate

A

Inferior projection of the ethmoid that forms the superior part of the nasal septum

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19
Q

What are the 8 cranium bones?

A

Frontal, parietal (2), temporal (2), occipital, ethmoid, sphenoid

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20
Q

What are the 14 facial bones?

A 
1 x Mandible
1 x Vomer
2 x Inferior Nasal Conchae
2 x Lacrimal Bones
2 x Maxillae 
2 x Nasal Bones 
2 x Palatine Bones
2 x Zygomatic Bones
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21
Q

Palatine

A

Paired bones posterior to the palatine processes; form posterior hard palate and part of the orbit; meet medially at the median palatine suture

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22
Q

Zygomatic

A

Lateral to the maxilla; forms the portion of the face comonly called the cheek bone, and forms part of the lateral orbit

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23
Q

Lacrimal

A

Fingernail sized bones forming a part of the medial orbit walls between the maxilla and the ethmoid; each is pierced by an opening (lacrimal fossa) which serves as a passageway for tears

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24
Q

Nasal

A

Small, rectangular bones forming the bridge of the nose

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25
Inferior nasal conchae
Thin, curved bones protruding medially from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity
26
Maxillae
Two bones fused in a median suture; Form the upper jawbone and part of the orbits; contain the palatine processes
27
Vomer
Blade shaped bone in median plane of nasal cavity that forms the posterior and inferior nasalseptum
28
Mandible
The lower jawbone, which articulates with the temporal bones in the only freely movable joints of the skull; contains the mandibular body, mandibular ramus, mandibular condyle, and mandibular symphysis
29
Hyoid bone
Not really considered a skull bone; Located in the throat above the larynx; point of attachment for many neck and tongue muscles
30
Mandibular body
Horizontal portion, forms the chin
31
Mandibular ramus
Vertical extension of the body on either side
32
Mandibular condyle
Articulation point of the mandible with the mandibular fossa of the temporal lobe
33
Mandibular symphysis
Anterior median depression indicating point of mandibular fusion
34
Palatine processes
Form the anterior hard palate; meet medially in the intermaxillary suture
35
Name the four skull bones that contain sinuses that lead into the nasal passages
Maxillary, sphenoid, ethmoid, and frontal
36
Vertebral column
Extends from the skull to the pelvis, form the body's major axial support
37
How many single bones are there in an adult vertebral column?
24
38
Name the two composite, or fused bones that provide a flexible curvature.
Sacrum and coccyx
39
Name the sections and numbers of vertebrae
7 Cervical vertebrae 12 Thoracic vertebrae 5 Lumbar Vertebrae
40
What separates the vertebrae?
Pads of fibrocartilage called intervertebral discs, which cushion and absorb shocks
41
Body (centrum) of vertebrae
Rounded central portion of the vertebra which faces anteriorly in the human vertebral column
42
Vertebral (spinal) foramen
Opening enclosed by the body and vertebral arch; a conduit for the spinal cord
43
Transverse processes of vertebrae
Two lateral projections from the vertebral arch
44
Spinous process of vertebrae
Single medial and posterior projection from the vertebral arch
45
Intervertebral foramina
The right and left pedicles have notches on their inferior and superior surfaces that crease these openings for spinal nerves to leave the spinal cord between adjacent vertebrae
46
Name three abnormal spinal curvatures
Scoliosis, kyphosis, and lordosis
47
Atlas
C1 The first cervical vertebrae; lacks a body and its lateral processes contain large concave depressions on their superior surfaces that receive the occipital condyles of the skull
48
Axis
C2 The second cervical vertebrae; acts as a pivot for the rotation of the axis and skull, contains dens (odontoid processes)
49
Odontoid processes
Serve as the pivot point
50
Sacrum
A composite bone formed from the fusion of five vertebrae; contains the median sacral crest, sacral foramina, and sacral canal
51
Median sacral crest
Remnant of the spinous processes of the fused vertebrae
52
Sacral foramina
Located at either end of the four ridges that cross the anterior part of the sacrum; allow blood vessels and nerves to pass
53
Sacral canal
A continuation of the vertebral canal that continues inside the sacrum
54
Coccyx
Formed from the fusion of three to five small irregularly shaped vertebrae
55
How many and what bones compose the bony thorax?
Three; Sternum, ribs, and thoracic vertebrae
56
How many bones fused to make up the sternum?
Three; Manubrium, body, and xiphoid process
57
Sternum
(Breastbone) A typical flat bone; the result of the fusion of three bones, the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process; Attached to first 7 ribs
58
Manubrium
Looks like the knot of a tie; Articulates with the clavicle (collarbone) laterally
59
Body (gladiolus) of sternum
Forms the bulk of the sternum
60
Xiphoid process
Constructs the inferior end of the sternum and lies at the level of the fifth intercostal space
61
How many ribs does a person have?
12
62
Vertebrosternal, or true, ribs
The first 7 pairs of ribs, attach directly to the sternum by their own costal cartilages
63
False ribs
The 5 pairs of ribs following the first 7 (8-12); attach indirectly to the sternum or entirely lack a sternal attachment
64
Vertebrochondral ribs
Rib pairs 8-10; have indirect cartilage attachments to the sternum via the costal cartilage of rib 7
65
Vertebral, or floating, ribs
Rib pairs 11-12; have no sternal attachment

A&P Lab (2 decks)

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