EXERCISE 5

Question 1

• an EVERGREEN with large leaves and crimson flowers interminal clusters
• commonly used in food preparation as a spice, usually paired with other spices like cinnamon and peppercorns

Answer 1

CLOVES

Question 2

CLOVES scientific name

Answer 2

Syzygium aromaticum

Question 3

CLOVES family name

Answer 3

Myrtaceae

Question 4

CLOVES

commonly contain ____

Answer 4

volatile oils

Question 5

CLOVES

90% of the volatile oil extracted composes of ____

Answer 5

EUGENOL

Question 5

CLOVES

how many % of eugenol composes the volatile oils extracted from cloves

Answer 5

90%

Question 6

CLOVES

OTHER COMPONENTS

Answer 6

• vanillin
• methyl salicylate
• tannins
• triterpenoids
• sesquiterpenes

Question 7

EXTRACTION OF EUGENOL FROM CLOVES

one of the MOST COMMON technique

Answer 7

STEAM distillation

Question 8

EXTRACTION BY DISTILLATION

why did we used WHOLE cloves instead of grounded cloves

Answer 8

grounded cloves are more prone to bumping

Question 9

EXTRACTION BY DISTILLATION

____ are added to prevent BUMPING

Answer 9

boiling chips

Question 10

EXTRACTION BY DISTILLATION

distillation rate is maintained at ____

Answer 10

1 drop per 2 seconds

Question 11

EXTRACTION BY DISTILLATION

the distillate may appear as:

(2)

Answer 11

• liquid with two layers (oil on top)
• milky or turbid solution (emulsion)

Question 12

EXTRACTION BY DISTILLATION

if the solution is TURBID, the distillation can be CEASES when it turns ____

Answer 12

clear

Question 13

EXTRACTION BY DISTILLATION

why did the distillate appear as MILKY / TURBID solution (emulsion)

Answer 13

there may be small amounts of water that are trapped inside the oil
or
other oil constituents are poorly soluble in water

Question 14

EXTRACTION BY DISTILLATION

TRUE OR FALSE:
the turbid / milky appearance of the distillate AFFECTS the quality of the oil

Answer 14

FALSE – it does not affect the quality of the oil

Question 15

SEPARATION OF THE OIL

the oil is separated by ____

Answer 15

separatory funnel

Question 16

SEPARATION OF THE OIL

oil is extracted using ____ or ____ (same nonpolar)

Answer 16

dichloromethane or chloroform

Question 17

SEPARATION OF THE OIL

the extraction is repeated for how many times

Answer 17

3 times

Question 18

REMOVING THE SOLVENT

• the dichloromethane or chloroform is REMOVED through ____
• a test tube is previously weighed and the extract is placed in it

Answer 18

water bath

Question 19

REMOVING THE SOLVENT

the extract is added to the test tube in ____

Answer 19

portions

Question 20

REMOVING THE SOLVENT

why is the extract added to the tes tube in portions?

Answer 20

to minimize LOSS of the oil

Question 21

REMOVING THE SOLVENT

____ is added to prevent BOILING OVER

Answer 21

boiling chip

Question 22

EUGENOL

IUPAC name

Answer 22

2-methoxy-4-prop-2-enylphenol

Question 23

EUGENOL

SYNONYMS

Answer 23

4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol
4-allylguaiacol

Question 24

# **EUGENOL** MOLECULAR FORMULA

Answer 24

C₁₀H₁₂O₂

Question 25

a **COLORLESS** or **PALE YELLOW** liquid with **WARM**, **SPICY** odor

Answer 25

EUGENOL

Question 26

# **EUGENOL** BOILING POINT

Answer 26

225 C

Question 27

# **EUGENOL** METLING POINT

Answer 27

-9.2 C

Question 28

# **EUGENOL** MOLECULAR WEIGHT

Answer 28

164.20 g/mol

Question 29

# **EUGENOL** BASE STRUCTURE

Answer 29

phenol

Question 30

a type of **distillation** that allows eugenol to be distilled at a **MUCH LOWER BOILING POINT** below 225 C

Answer 30

STEAM DISTILLATION

Question 31

# **EUGENOL** CHEMICAL SAFETY

Answer 31

mild irritant

Question 32

# **EUGENOL** SOURCES

Answer 32

cloves, cinnamon, bay leaves

Question 33

* **topical** antiseptic * counterirritant * **dental** preparations with **zinc oxide** for **root canal sealing** and pain control * found in **toothache drops**

Answer 33

EUGENOL

Question 34

# **EUGENOL** USE: in **dental preparations** with ____

Answer 34

zinc oxide

Question 35

# **EUGENOL** USE: in dental preparations with **zinc oxide** for ____

Answer 35

root canal sealing

Question 36

# **EUGENOL** USE: found in ____

Answer 36

toothache drops

Question 37

# **EUGENOL** STRUCTURE

Answer 37

guaiacol with allyl chain at **para** position

Question 38

# **EUGENOL** STRUCTURE: the **allyl chain** is at what position

Answer 38

PARA position

Question 39

# **EUGENOL | PHYSICAL TEST** COLOR

Answer 39

colorless or clear pale yellow

Question 40

# **EUGENOL | PHYSICAL TEST** ODOR

Answer 40

sweet-spicy cooling odor

Question 41

# **EUGENOL | PHYSICAL TEST** appearance

Answer 41

oily liquid

Question 42

# **EUGENOL | TEST** detects presence of **PHENOLIC GROUP**

Answer 42

FERRIC CHLORIDE TEST

Question 43

# **EUGENOL | FERRIC CHLORIDE TEST** **phenols** forms complex with the **iron ion**

Answer 43

ferric phenoxide

Question 44

# **EUGENOL | FERRIC CHLORIDE TEST** POSITIVE RESULT

Answer 44

**purple** to **reddish brown** to **green**

Question 45

# **EUGENOL | TEST** detectes presence of **MULTIPLE BONDS** and **PHENOLIC GROUP**

Answer 45

BROMINE WATER TEST

Question 46

# **EUGENOL | BROMINE WATER TEST** phenols undergo ____ reaction with bromine water

Answer 46

substitution reaction

Question 47

# **EUGENOL | BROMINE WATER TEST** POSITIVE RESULT

Answer 47

**decolorized** solution (HBr) with **white precipitate** (2,4,6-tribromophenol)

Question 48

# **EUGENOL | BROMINE WATER TEST** formed compound / complex

Answer 48

2,4,6-tribromophenol

Question 49

# **EUGENOL | TEST** detects presence of **MULTIPLE BONDS**

Answer 49

BAEYER'S TEST

Question 50

# **EUGENOL | BAEYER'S TEST** **alkene** is ____ by **KMnO₄** and forms the product **manganese dioxide**

Answer 50

oxidized

Question 51

# **EUGENOL | BAEYER'S TEST** **alkene** is **oxidized** by ____ and forms the product **manganese dioxide**

Answer 51

KMnO4

Question 52

# **EUGENOL | BAEYER'S TEST** **alkene** is **oxidized** by **KMnO₄** and forms the product ____

Answer 52

manganese dioxide

Question 53

# **EUGENOL | BAEYER'S TEST** POSITIVE RESULT

Answer 53

**decolorized** solution with **brown** precipitate