Exercise 27: Endocrine Glands

Question 1

Located in the concavity of the sphenoid bone; consists of two functional lobes

Answer 1

Pituitary gland

Question 2

Secretes numerous hormones: FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, GH, PRL

Answer 2

Anterior pituitary

Question 3

Stores oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone

Answer 3

Posterior pituitary

Question 4

Composed of 2 lobes joined by a central mass; located in the throat, inferior to larynx; secretes thyroid hormone and calcitonin

Answer 4

Thyroid gland

Question 5

Embedded in the posterior surface of thyroid gland; secretes parathyroid hormone which is important in regulating calcium balance of the blood

Answer 5

Parathyroid glands

Question 6

Located atop or close to kidneys; controlled by sympathetic nervous system; release epinephrine and norepinephrine

Answer 6

Adrenal glands

Question 7

Located partially behind the stomach in the abdomen; functions as both endocrine and exocrine gland; produces digestive enzymes and insulin and glucagon, important hormones in regulating blood sugar levels

Answer 7

Pancreas

Question 8

Paired, almond-sized organs located in pelvic cavity; produce female sex cells and the hormones estrogens and progesterone

Answer 8

Ovaries

Question 9

Paired, oval organs suspended in a pouch like sac (scrotum) outside the pelvic cavity; produce male sex cells, sperm, and male sex hormone (testosterone)

Answer 9

Testes

Question 10

Bilobed gland located in superior thorax; produces hormones Thymosin and thymopoeitin, which help direct to the maturation and specialization of white blood cells called T lymphocytes which are responsible for immune defense

Answer 10

Thymus

Question 11

Small, cone-shaped gland located in the roof of 3rd ventricle in the brain; produces melatonin which plays a role in biological rhythms

Answer 11

Pineal gland