Exercise 2: The Cell Flashcards
Protoplasm is composed of mainly how many basic substances?
FIVE (5)
a. Water
b. Electrolytes
c. Proteins
d. Lipids
e. Carbohydrates
They are the 3 basic parts of an animal cell
- Plasma or cell membrane/ Plasmalema
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
These are the 2 components of a cytoplasm
- Cytosol
- Organelles
It is called the intracellular fluid that contains water, dissolved solutes, and suspended particles
Cytosol
It is a barrier that surrounds and contains the cytoplasm of the cell
Plasma membrane
(T or F) Phospholipids had a Non- Polar head and a Polar tail
FALSE (Polar head and Non-Polar tail)
It stabilizes the membrane and regulates the fluidity of the phospholipid bilayer
Cholesterol
They are proteins that can be removed by ONLY detergents that disrupt the bilayer; they also act as ion channels/water channels
Integral Proteins
They are proteins with carbohydrate groups that protrude into the extracellular fluid
Glycoproteins
They act like a molecular “signature” that enables cells to recognize one another because of their extensive fuzzy or sugary coat
Glycocalyx
They are proteins that function almost entirely as enzymes but are not very firmly embedded in the membranes
Peripheral Proteins
(T or F) Organelles may be membrane-bound or not membrane-bound
TRUE
It is the space between the inner and outer membranes of the mitochondria and it contains a variety of enzymes
Intermembranous Space
(T or F) a mitochondrion is self-replicating
TRUE
What are the two (2) subunits of the Ribosomes
Large 60S and Small 40S
It synthesizes proteins that are packed and stored in the cell as lysosomes or released from the cell as secretory products
Attached Ribosomes
It is the largest membranous system of the cell and it consists of the cisternae
Endoplasmic Reticulum
It is the site for the synthesis of proteins for secretion, incorporation to the membrane as enzymes within lysosomes
Rough/Granular Endoplasmic Reticulum
It synthesizes fatty acids and steroids
Smooth/Agranular Endoplasmic Reticulum
Also known as intermediate face
Medial face
They transport materials between different cell compartments and to the plasma membrane to export
Transport/Secretory Vesicles
They carry our autophagy, Implement autolysis, and accomplish extracellular digestion
Lysosomes
They are important in the production of hydrogen peroxide for killing pathogens; detoxification of certain toxic materials; and catabolism of long-chain fatty acids
Peroxisomes
They are responsible for the degradation and digestion of damaged or unneeded proteins (systolic proteolysis)
Proteasomes
It is the control center of the cell that houses the DNA which serves as the genetic material
Nucleus
The site of rRNA synthesis and ribosome assembly and tRNA is also processed
Nucleoli
Tightly coiled chromatin fibers during mitosis and meiosis
Chromosomes
Project from the apical surfaces of certain cells in the body
Cillia, Flagellum, Microvilli
Supporting framework of fibrillar proteins
Cytoskeleton
Maintains cell’s shape and polarity
Microtubules
The microtubules of the mitotic spindle align the centromeres of the chromatid pairs at the exact center of the mitotic spindle
Metaphase
Serves as a site for attachment to microtubules
Kinetochore
The cell replicated its DNA
Interphase
the term called for sperm/oocyte
Germ cell
Is any cell of the body other than the germ cell
Somatic cell
