Exercise 1 Flashcards
The study of body structures visible to the naked eye.
Gross Anatomy
The human body is erect, with the feet only slightly apart, head and toes pointed forward, and arms hanging at the sides with palms facing forward.
Anatomical Position
Relating to head, neck, and trunk; the axis of the body.
Axial
Relating to limbs and their attachments to the axis.
Appendicular
Anterior body trunk region inferior to the ribs.
Abdominal
Point of the shoulder.
Acromial
Forearm.
Antebrachial
Anterior surface of the elbow.
Antecubital
Armpit.
Axillary
Arm.
Brachial
Cheek.
Buccal
Wrist.
Carpal
Head.
Cephalic
Neck region.
Cervical
Hip.
Coxal
Leg.
Crural
Fingers or toes.
Digital
Thigh.
Femoral
Side of the leg.
Fibular (Peroneal)
Forehead.
Frontal
Great toe.
Hallux
Groin area.
Inguinal
Breast region.
Mammary
Hand.
Manus
Chin.
Mental
Nose.
Nasal
Mouth.
Oral
Bony eye socket (orbit).
Orbital
Palm of the hand.
Palmar
Anterior knee (kneecap) region.
Patellar
Foot.
Pedal
Pelvis region.
Pelvic
Thumb.
Pollex
Genital region.
Pubic
Region of the breastbone.
Sternal
Ankle.
Tarsal
Chest.
Thoracic
Navel.
Umbilical
Heel of the foot.
Calcaneal
Back.
Dorsum
Buttocks or rump.
Gluteal
Area of the back between the ribs and hips; the loin.
Lumbar
Posterior aspect of the head or base of the skull.
Occipital
Posterior aspect of the elbow.
Olecranal
Ear.
Otic
Region between the anus and external genitalia.
Perineal
Sole of the foot.
Plantar
Back of the knee.
Popliteal
Region between the hips (overlying the sacrum).
Sacral
Scapula or shoulder blade area.
Scapular
Calf or posterior aspect of the leg.
Sural
Area of the spinal column.
Vertebral
Above.
Superior
Below.
Inferior
Front.
Anterior
Back.
Posterior
Toward the midline.
Medial
Away from the midline or median plane.
Lateral
Toward the head.
Cephalad (Cranial)
Toward the tail.
Caudal
Backside.
Dorsal
Belly side.
Ventral
Nearer the trunk or attached end.
Proximal
Farther from the trunk or point of attachment.
Distal
Toward or at the body surface.
Superficial (External)
Away from the body surface.
Deep (Internal)
Cut made through the body wall or through an organ.
Section
An imaginary surface or line where a section is made.
Plane
Runs longitudinally and divides the body into right and left parts.
Sagittal Plane
Also called midsagittal plane; divides the body into equal parts, right down the midline of the body.
Median Plane
Another name for median plane; divides the body into equal parts, right down the midline of the body.
Midsagittal Plane
Sometimes called a coronal plane; a longitudinal plane that divides the body (or an organ) into anterior and posterior parts.
Frontal Plane
Another name for frontal plane; a longitudinal plane that divides the body (or an organ) into anterior and posterior parts.
Coronal Plane
Runs horizontally, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts.
Transverse Plane
Sections along the transverse plane.
Cross Sections
A subdivision of the dorsal body cavity; contains the brain within the rigid skull.
Cranial Cavity
Also called spinal cavity; a subdivision of the dorsal body cavity; within which the delicate spinal cord is protected by the bony vertebral column.
Vertebral Cavity
Another name for vertebral cavity; a subdivision of the dorsal body cavity; within which the delicate spinal cord is protected by the bony vertebral column.
Spinal Cavity
The superior subdivision of the ventral body cavity; separated from the rest of the ventral cavity by the dome-shaped diaphragm.
Thoracic Cavity
The inferior subdivision of the ventral body cavity; the cavity inferior to the diaphragm.
Abdominopelvic Cavity
The superior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity; the area that houses the stomach, intestines, liver, and other organs.
Abdominal Cavity
The inferior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity; the region that is partially enclosed by the bony pelvis and contains the reproductive organs, bladder, and rectum.
Pelvic Cavity
Also called serous membrane; an exceedingly thin, double-layered membrane; covers the walls of the ventral body cavity and the outer surfaces of the organs it contains.
Serosa
Another name for serosa; an exceedingly thin, double-layered membrane; covers the walls of the ventral body cavity and the outer surfaces of the organs it contains.
Serous Membrane
The part of the membrane lining the cavity walls; continuous with a similar membrane, the visceral serosa, covering the external surface of the organs within the cavity.
Parietal Serosa
Covers the external surface of the organs within the cavity; continuous with the parietal serosa.
Visceral Serosa
The serosa lining the abdominal cavity and covering its organs.
Peritoneum
The serosa that encloses the lungs.
Pleura
The serosa that is around the heart.
Pericardium
Four approximately equal regions used to locate organs.
Quadrants
The left and right of the figure.
Anatomical Left and Right
The centermost region, which includes the umbilicus (navel).
Umbilical Region
Immediately superior to the umbilical region; overlies most of the stomach.
Epigastric Region
Immediately inferior to the umbilical region; encompasses the pubic area.
Hypogastric (Pubic) Region
Also called inguinal regions; lateral to the hypogastric region and overlying the superior parts of the hip bones.
Iliac Regions
Another name for iliac regions; lateral to the hypogastric region and overlying the superior parts of the hip bones.
Inguinal Regions
Between the ribs and the flaring portions of the hip bones; lateral to the umbilical region.
Lumbar Regions
Flanking the epigastric region laterally and overlying the lower ribs.
Hypochondriac Regions
Commonly called the mouth; contains the tongue and teeth; continuous with the rest of the digestive tube, which opens to the exterior at the anus.
Oral Cavity
Located within and posterior to the nose; part of the passages of the respiratory system.
Nasal Cavity
Also called orbits; house the eyes and present them in an anterior position; located in the skull.
Orbital Cavities
Each lies just medial to an eardrum and is carved into the bony skull; contain tiny bones that transmit sound vibrations to the hearing receptors in the inner ears.
Middle Ear Cavities
Joint cavities; enclosed within fibrous capsules that surround the freely movable joints of the body, such as those between the vertebrae and the knee and hip joints.
Synovial Cavities
