Executives

Question 1

Characteristics (7)

Answer 1

1. Leadership
2. Security
3. Crises Response
4. Execution
5. Appointment
6. Representation
7. Making policies

Question 2

Executives in Democracies

Answer 2

Enhancing trust and accountability
Public opinion & Media coverage

Question 3

Executives in AR

Answer 3

Centralised in one party/leader
Monopoly over the state
- political restrictions
- absence of constitutional controls

Question 4

Difference between Head of State & Head of Government

Answer 4

Head of State
represents the citizens’ needs and isn’t politically involved

Head of Government
not always represents the needs of citizens and focuses on representing and promoting his/her political party

Question 5

Types
Presidential

Answer 5

a form of rule in which the HofS/G is the same person (US)
1. Elective Principle
2. Fixed terms
3. Cannot form his government
4. The Senate is above the president
- cannot get rid of it (impeachment)
5. Internally restricted

Question 6

Presidential Elections in the US

Answer 6

1. select a candidate from each state
2. presidential campaign throughout the country
3. president is chosen by electorates (50+1)
   *no proportional representation

Question 7

Advantages of Presidential Executives (3)

Answer 7

1. National symbol & widespread support
2. Aviods instabilities
3. Limited government

Question 8

Disadvantages of Presidential Executives (3)

Answer 8

1. Powerless since needs the consent from the Senate
2. Cannot declare war
3. Congress can override veto

Question 9

Types
Parliamentary Executives

Answer 9

a form of rule in which the HofS/G are different people (UK)
1. HofS is elected or already chosen (monarchies)
2. HofG is appointed by HofS or elected publicly
3. Unlimited terms
4. Form his government
5. Part of the ministry & parliament
6. HofG can be removed by HofS

Question 10

Types
SemiPresidential Executives

Answer 10

a form of rule combining presidential and parliamentary executives
1. HofS/G can be the same or different people
2. (Un)Limited terms
3. HofG is responsible for the legislature

Question 11

Types
SemiPresidential Executives
-> Premier Presidential

Answer 11

France
The President is elected by popular vote and selects the PM

Question 12

Types
SemiPresidential Executives
-> Presidential Parliamentary

Answer 12

Russia
The PM responds to the President

Question 13

Types
Executives in AR

Answer 13

Preselected candidate
President serves as the “de facto” HofG

Question 14

Types of Governments (3)

Answer 14

1. Single Party Majority: 1 political party has the majority of votes
2. Single Party Minority: 1 political party doesn’t have the majority of seats required
3. Coalition: government formation of more than 1 party to make the majority of seats

Question 15

Types of Coalitions

Answer 15

1. Minority Coalition: fewer seats than required for majority
2. Minimum Winning Coalition: enough and needed parties to make 50%+1
   *if one party drops there isn’t a coalition
3. Surplus Majority Coalition: too many parties within the coalition which aren’t needed

Question 16

Motives for entering government

Answer 16

1. Policy Seeking: for the policy to be implemented
   - in a coalition, the fewer parties the better so the policy can
   easily be implemented
   minority coalition
2. Office Seeking: for the power
   - in a coalition, the fewer parties the more control
   minimum winning coalition (o+p)

Question 17

Stability of Coalitions (2)

Answer 17

The stability of a coalition is measured in days
Each change within the coalition is considered to be a creation of a new government

Question 18

What is the Parliament responsible for?

Answer 18

is responsible for making laws, representing the interests of the people, and holding the government accountable.

Question 19

What is the Ministry responsible for?

Answer 19

implementing government policies and managing government departments