Excretion

Question 1

Homeostasis

Answer 1

the tendency of a system, especially the physiological system of higher animals, to maintain internal stability, owing to the coordinated response of its parts to any situation or stimulus that would tend to disturb its normal condition or function.

Question 2

Excretion

Answer 2

The process in which kidneys extract waste products from the blood and expels it as urine
The removal of waste products from the body, e.g. Water, CO2 & nitrogenous waste from metabolic reactions

Question 3

Concentration gradient

Answer 3

Gradual difference in the concentration of solutes Ina solution btw two regions

Question 4

pH

Answer 4

A measure of the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution and as such is a measure of acidity or alkalinity

Question 5

Urine

Answer 5

Filtrate that flows from the collecting duct and contains all the substances that the body does not want and all the substance that are needed by the body have already been absorbed

Question 6

Afferent

Answer 6

Carry towards

Question 7

Efferent

Answer 7

Carry away from

Question 8

Ions

Answer 8

Atoms carrying an electrical charge

Question 9

Hydrostatic

Answer 9

Water causing pressure

Question 10

Buffer

Answer 10

E.g. Ammonia
A chemical substance that prevents too great a change in pH by binding with hydrogen when the pH drops and by releasing H* when the pH rises

Question 11

Micturition

Answer 11

Expulsion of urine from the bladder

I.e urination

Question 12

Osmolarity

Answer 12

The number of solute particles dissolved in one litre of water

Question 13

Osmoregulation

Answer 13

Maintains the correct balance of between the water and the solute concentration of body fluids

Question 14

Hypertonic

Answer 14

Very concentrated in terms of solutes

Question 15

Hypotonic

Answer 15

Very dilute in terms of solutes

Question 16

Diuretic

Answer 16

Causing increased output of urine

Question 17

Osmoreceptors

Answer 17

Cells sensitive to the osmolarity of the blood

Question 18

ADH

Answer 18

‘Fine tunes’ Osmoregulation by increasing the amount of water being reassured back into the blood

Question 19

Aldosterone

Answer 19

Steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands

Question 20

Dialyser

Answer 20

Kidney machine

Question 21

Calculus

Answer 21

Pebble (calcium and uric acid crystals)

Question 22

Lithotripsy

Answer 22

Technique which uses ultrasound waves to shatter the kidney stones

Question 23

Angalgesic

Answer 23

Any medicine intended to relive pain

Question 24

Incontinence

Answer 24

Inability to control bladed

Question 25

Secretion

Answer 25

The release of useful substances such as hormones, from specialists cells in the body

Question 26

Renal artery

Answer 26

Carries blood with high urea content into kidney

Question 27

Renal vein

Answer 27

Carries blood with low urea content out of kidney

Question 28

Ureter

Answer 28

Carries urine from pelvis to bladder for storage

Question 29

Renal capsule

Answer 29

Protects the kidney and prevents infections in surrounding area affecting the kidneys

Question 30

Cortex

Answer 30

Reddish area made up of renal corpuscles

Question 31

Medulla

Answer 31

Reddish brown area made up of 8-12 come-shaped pyramids

Question 32

Pyramid

Answer 32

Made up of collecting ducts

Question 33

Calyx

Answer 33

Short duct (part of pelvis) collects urine from collecting ducts

Question 34

Renal sinus

Answer 34

Space between the calyces

Question 35

Papilla

Answer 35

Tip of each pyramid, fits into calyx

Question 36

Renal pelvis

Answer 36

Urine drains from the calyces into this enlarged upper end of ureter

Question 37

Motor nerve

Answer 37

Stimulates contraction of bladder wall