Excretion Flashcards
What is deamination?
Amino acid + oxygen -> keto acid+ ammonia
What are the main substances that must be excreted
Carbon dioxide and nitrogen containing compounds such as urea
What is the equation for the formation of urea
Ammonia + Carbon dioxide -> urea + water
What are the different vessels in the liver?
Hepatic artery, hepatic vein, hepatic portal vein
What do kupffer cells do?
Recycle old red blood cells
What is the reaction that occurs in the ornithine cycle?
2ammonia + carbon dioxide -> urea + water
What is the pathway for the Detoxification of alcohol?
Ethanol -> ethanal -> ethanoic acid -> acetyl coenzyme A (2 NAD’s are reduced at ethanal and ethanoic acid)
Name the parts of the kidney
Capsule, cortex, medulla, pelvis, ureter
What are the different parts of the glomerulus
The glomerulus, bowmans capsule, podocytes
Explain the process of selective reabsorbtion
Sodium potassium ion pumps remove sodium ions from the cells around the proximal convoluted tubule. Sodium ions are transported into the cell with glucose or amino acid molecules by facilitated diffusion. As glucose and amino acids enter the cell they diffuse out the other side into the tissue fluid then the blood. The reabsorbtion of substances into the cells causes their water potential to decrease and draw water out of the tubule fluid. Large molecules are reabsorbed by endocytosis
What is the function of the loop of henley paired with the collecting duct in selective reabsorbtion?
Sodium and chloride ions diffuse into descending limb and water diffuses out by osmosis. Then the sodium and chloride ions diffuse out of the lower part of the ascending limb then sodium and chloride ions are actively pumped out in the rest of the ascending limb. Then in the collecting duct water moves out by osmosis
Describe the purpose of the ADH hormone
Water potential is monitored by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus. When water potential in the blood is low more ADH is released via the neurosecretory cells. This causes aquaporins to be released and bind to the membrane of the collecting duct making it more permeable to water so more water reabsorbed into the blood. The aquaporins break down after 20 mins
What are the 2 types of dialysis?
Haemodialysis: where a machine is used to filter the blood
Peritonial dialysis: where the bodies abdominal membrane is used as the filter
Describe how a pregnancy test works
When a woman is pregnant HCG is released in the urine. HCG binds to specific antibodies on the pregnancy test these have blue markers on them and move up the test and bind to other fixed antibodies with blue markers, one blue line is always formed as a control and a second is formed if the antibodies are carried up the test with HCG in the urine
