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Unit Three Grade 11 Biology - Digestion and Excretion > Excretion > Flashcards

Excretion Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Excretion?

A

A process used to remove waste materials that would be toxic to the body
The excretory system also maintains osmotic balance in the body (ratio of solutes to water)

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2
Q

How does the Excretory system work?

A

Using several cell transport mechanisms, or Mossi, facilitated diffusion, active transport, and concentration gradients

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3
Q

What organs are involved in waste removal? LLK

A

Lungs (to remove carbon dioxide)
Liver (Bile Pigments (from the breakdown of haemoglobin) Lactic Acid (from anaerobic respiration) Urea (from the breakdown of protein)
Kidneys (medications/toxins, Nitrogenous Wastes (from liver, urea, Uris acid, ammonia), Ions & electrolytes)

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4
Q

How are unwanted toxins turned into less toxic forms?

A

They are broken down

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5
Q

What is Deamination?

A

It’s when amino acids that form proteins are broken up so the body can harvest materials for carbohydrates (energy). The body does this when more proteins (amino acids) are consumed than are needed

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6
Q

What two substances are byproducts of fat metabolism?

A

Ammonia

Keto Acid

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7
Q

What is Red blood cell recycling?

A

When the liver breaks apart haemoglobin complexes to recycle iron & make bile
Red blood cells are broken down into Haemoglobin, which breaks into Globins, and Heme.
(Heme turns into Bilirubin,and Bilirubin turns to Bile)

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8
Q

How is Alcohol broken down?

A

When Ethanol is broken into more toxic, then less toxic substances to be excreted

Ethanol —> Acetaldehyde —> Acetate —> CO2 + H2O

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9
Q

What is the first stage in the Passage of Pee?

A

First, blood travels through the Hepatic Artery to the Liver

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10
Q

What is the second stage in the Passage of Pee? NUUCHH

A

The blood picks up NH3, urea, uric acid, CO2, H+, HCO-3

Then it travels to the heart via the Hepatic Vein and the Vena Cava

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11
Q

What is the third stage in the Passage of Pee?

A

The heart (right side) pumps the blood to the lungs which drop off CO2, and pick up O2

Then it travels to the heart via the Pulmonary Veins

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12
Q

What is the fourth stage in the Passage of Pee?

A

The heart (left side) pumps the blood to the Renal Artery via the Aorta

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13
Q

What is the fifth stage in the Passage of Pee?

A

The Kidney receive the blood via the Renal Artery and using its Nephrons, it carries out filtration, reabsorption, and it also secretes stuff

Urine then enters the Renal Pelvis, where it travels to the ureter, then the Bladder (urine storage)

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14
Q

What happens in the Nephron?

A

Substances are removed (tube —> collecting duct) and retained (tubules —> capillaries)

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15
Q

What does changing the permeability of channels in the Nephron do?

A

Modifies H2O absorption or excretion
Modifies Ion (Na+ & Cl-) absorption or secretion
Which will affect blood volume & pressure & urine concentration

Modifies H+ & HCO-3 absorption or secretion
Which will affect blood pH

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16
Q

What does the Glomerulus do?

A

Filtration
Everything (except blood cells & proteins) is pushed out at the glomerulus & collected as filtrate
in the Bowman’s Capsule

17
Q

What happens in the first top loop?

A

Reabsorption, to keep nutrients & glucose

18
Q

What happens in the second top loop?

A

Secretion
Move toxins to tubules (urine)
Balance blood pH, secrete H+, (increase pH) or secrete HCO-3 (decrease pH)

19
Q

Nephron Anatomy (in order) (7) GBLDPCR

A 
Glomerulus
Bowman’s Capsule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule 
Peritubular Capillaries
Collecting Duct
Renal Pelvis
20
Q

What in the brain regulates water intake?

A

Osmoreceptors

21
Q

What does your brain release when you’re thirsty?

A 
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) —> reabsorption H2O
Aldosterone —> reabsorb Na+/Cl- & H2O
22
Q

Two disorders of the Excretory system

A

Diabetes
(Melitus, sugar, decreased insulin) = sugary urine
(Insipidus decreased ADH) = high volume of dilute pee

Kidney failure
Breakdown of filtration tissues

23
Q

What are two ways to fix kidney failure?

A

Dialysis
(Artificial/natural membranes used to filter body fluid)

Kidney Transplant

Unit Three Grade 11 Biology - Digestion and Excretion (2 decks)

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