Excitatory Amino Acids Flashcards

1
Q

What are the criteria for a neurotransmitter?

A

Made by neurons, released by postsynaptic neurons, must be active against postsynaptic receptors, must be inactivated, must have a physiological purpose.

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2
Q

What do umami taste buds in the tongue detect?

A

Glutamate.

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3
Q

By what mechanism is glutamate released?

A

Calcium-dependent exocytosis.

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4
Q

Which classes of glutamate receptors are ionotropic?

A

NMDA, AMPA, KA.

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5
Q

Which classes of glutamate receptors are metabotropic?

A

Groups 1,2, and 3. These are names with a lowercase “m” before the Glu name.

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6
Q

What are agonists for AMPA and KA receptors?

A

Glutamate, AMPA, KA.

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7
Q

What are antagonists for AMPA and KA receptors?

A

CNQX, NBQX.

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8
Q

What ions do AMPA and KA receptors pass upon activation? How does this differ from younger people?

A

Sodium and potassium ions. Calcium ions are also passed if there is no GluR2 and these receptors become less prevalent as one ages.

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9
Q

What type of response do AMPA and KA receptors illicit?

A

Fast voltage sensitive response (EPSPs).

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10
Q

What type of response do NMDA receptors illicit?

A

Slower response.

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11
Q

What ions do NMDA receptors pass upon activation?

A

Sodium, potassium, calcium.

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12
Q

What ions are implicated in LTP, LTD, excitotoxicity, seizures, and neurodegeneration?

A

Calcium.

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13
Q

What substances block the NMDA channel?

A

Magnesium ions, phencyclidine, ketamine, MK801. Zinc also acts as a channel and receptor blocker.

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14
Q

What is the endogenous blocker of the NMDAR channel?

A

Magnesium.

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15
Q

What neurotransmitter must occupy its site on the NMDAR for activation to occur?

A

Glycine.

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16
Q

What increases NMDAR activation?

A

Endogenous polyamines (e.g. spermine).