Exchange

Question 1

An effective gas exchange surface has

Answer 1

Large SA, thin , efficient blood supply, ventilated

Question 2

SA of small intestine increased by

Answer 2

Villi

Question 3

Villi

Answer 3

Produce extensive network of capillaries to absorb products of digestion by diffusion and active transport and large SA

Question 4

Roots SA increase by

Answer 4

Root hairs

Question 5

Stomata exchange in plants

Answer 5

Carbon dioxide and water

Question 6

Guard cells

Answer 6

Control water loss

Question 7

Xylem transport

Answer 7

Water and mineral ions up plant

Question 8

Phloem carries

Answer 8

Dissolved sugars from leaves to rest if plant

Question 9

Arteries (flow)

Answer 9

Blood flows from heart to organs-away

Question 10

Veins (flow)

Answer 10

Blood to heart

Question 11

Differnace between arteries and veins

Answer 11

Arteries-thick walls containing muscle and elastic fibres
Veins -thinner walls and valves to prevent back flow of blood

Question 12

In blood?

Answer 12

Plasma with rbc and wbc and platelets suspended in it. A tissue

Question 13

Red blood cells

Answer 13

No nucleus and packed with haemoglobin, biconcave shape

Question 14

White blood cells

Answer 14

Have nucleus and defend against microorganisms

Question 15

Lungs haemoglobin combines with

Answer 15

Oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin and in other organs this splits back up

Question 16

What’s Exchanged between an organism ?

Answer 16

Respiratory gases, nutrients and excretory products and heat

Question 17

Effective exchange surface has

Answer 17

Large surface area to volume ratio (small organisms)

Question 18

Larger organisms need

Answer 18

Special Ed exchange surfaces with large areas to increase ratio

Question 19

sA of sphere

Answer 19

4 pie r squared

Question 20

Volume of sphere

Answer 20

4/3 pie r 3(cubed)

Question 21

SpecialisEd exchange surfaces have

Answer 21

Large SA compared to vol, thin and selectively permeable and movement of environmental medium like air and a transport system for movement of internal medium

Question 22

Relationship of diffusion to other factors

Answer 22

Diffusion-directly proportional - to SAxdiff in conc /length of diffusion path

Question 23

Gas exchange in single celled organisms

Answer 23

O2 diffused through cell surface membrane of body surface and co2 disffuses out body surface through cell wall. Large SA:V as small

Question 24

How does the surface area required for insects conflict with conserving water

Answer 24

Because the large surface area required for exchange conflicts as it makes it easier for water to evaporate from it

Question 25

Insects internal network of tubes strengthened by rings to prevent them from collapsing

Answer 25

Tracheae

Question 26

Tracheae divide into smaller dead end tubes called?

Answer 26

Tracheoles

Question 27

Tracheoles role

Answer 27

Extend throughout all body tissues of insect and so atmospheric air is directly braught to respiring tissues due to the short diffusion pathway to the body cell from it

Question 28

Respiratory gases move in and out of tracheal system -3ways

Answer 28

Along a diffusion gradient , mass transport , the ends of the Tracheoles are filled with water

Question 29

Gases enter and leave tracheae through tony pores called

Answer 29

Spiracles

Question 30

Spiracles on the body surface are opened or closed by

Answer 30

Valves

Question 31

Tracheal system limits insects as

Answer 31

Have to be small due to need for short diffusion between environment and cells