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Dermatology > Exanthems and Drug Eruptions - JKB > Flashcards

Exanthems and Drug Eruptions - JKB Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is the difference between Exanthems and Enanthems?

A

Exanthem: skin eruption bursting forth or blooming. comes quickly and affects several areas of the skin at the same time

Enanthem: an eruption on a mucous membrane (usually oral)

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2
Q

How is measles typically transmitted?

A

-Respiratory droplets from infected individuals (mostly benign)

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3
Q

What are the prodromal symptoms of Measles?

A
  • Severe cough & nasal congestion
  • Conjunctivitis & photophobia
  • Fever
  • Koplik’s spots (1-2 days before exanthem)
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4
Q

What are the characteristics of a measles exanthem?

A
  • Blue/White with red halo
  • begins behind the ears and spreads to trunk/extremities
  • Peaks at day 3 and fades by day 10
  • Slightly elevated maculopapules varying in size and color
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5
Q

What is the Tx for measles exanthems?

A
  • Supportive Tx
  • Vitamin A
  • Tx any associated complications
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6
Q

What is the cause of Hand-Foot-Mouth Dz (HFMD)?

A

Coxsackievirus A16 and enterovirus 71 spread via fecal-oral route & respiratory routes

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7
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of HFMD?

A
  • Oral lesions (90%)
  • Cutaneous lesions (66%)
  • Red macules that become pale white, oval vesicles with red areola
  • Palms, soles, dorsal aspects of finger toes
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8
Q

What is the Tx for HFMD?

A

Symptomatic relief and reassurance

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9
Q

What is the cause of Scarlet Fever (Scarlatina)?

A
  • contagious Dz produced by streptococcal toxin
  • originates in pharynx or skin
  • Children MC
  • 2-4 day incubation period
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10
Q

What are the hallmarks of a Scarlet Fever prodrome?

A
  • N/V/HA
  • Red oral cavity
  • Strawberry tongue
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11
Q

What are the characteristics of a Scarlet Fever rash?

A
  • Begins in Neck and face and spreads to trunk/extremities
  • Sandpaper quality
  • Pastia’s sign (linear petechiae found in skin folds)
  • Desquamation
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12
Q

What is the Tx for Scarlet Fever?

A
  • Penicillin
  • Cephalosporins
  • Erythromycin
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13
Q

What population does the rubella virus affect with the greatest consequences?

A
  • The “unborn”

- miscarriages, stillbirths, fetal anomalies (congenital rubella syndrome)

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of the rubella enanthem?

A
  • Soft palate petechiae (20%)
  • Round or oval, pinkish/rosy red (Blueberry Muffin) macules or maculopapules
  • Fades in 24-48 hours, followed by fine desquamation
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15
Q

What is the classical triad associated with congenital rubella?

A
  • Cardiac malformation
  • Hearing deficits
  • Ocular anomalies
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16
Q

What is Erythema Infectiosum associated with, and how is it transmitted?

A
  • Parvovirus B19 or Fifth’s Dz

- Transmitted via respiratory route

17
Q

What are the 3 phases of Erythema infectiosum?

A

1) Facial erythema (slapped cheeks)
2) Net pattern erythema (begins on extremities and spreads to trunk)
3) Recurrent phase (eruption fades and reappears)

18
Q

What is an alternative presentation of a parvovirus rash?

A

Papular Purpuric Gloves and Socks Syndrome (PPGSS)

  • Painful and pruritic papules, petechiae, and purpura of hands and feet
  • Very contagious
19
Q

What is the Tx for Erythema Infectiosum?

A

Reassurance and evaluate if there are pregnant women exposed to the virus

20
Q

What virus infection is associated with Roseola infantum?

A

Human Herpes Virus 6 & 7 infection

21
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Roseola infantum?

A
  • Very high fever, fever subsides and then rash appears
  • Rash: many pale pink, almond shaped macules on the trunk and neck, they become confluent and fade within a few hours to 2 days
22
Q

What is the Tx for Roseola infantum?

A

Supportive Tx and reassurance

Temperature control with tylenol/motrin

23
Q

What is Kawasaki’s Dz, in what population is it seen, and what is the main cause of morbidity?

A
  • Acute multisystem vasculitis of unkown etiology
  • Children: 7 weeks to 12 years of age
  • Cardiovascular manifestations are the main cause of morbidity
24
Q

What are the 3 clinical phases of Kawasaki’s Dz?

A

1) Acute: febrile phase with conjunctivitis and oral changes, swelling of extremities
2) Subacute: After fever, desquamation of fingers/toes, arthritis, thrombocytosis
3) Convalescent: clinical signs disappear through normalization of the ESR

25
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for Kawasaki’s Dz?

A 
Conjunctival infection
Rash
Extremity changes
Adenopathy (cervical lymphadenopathy)
Mucous Membrane Changes (Oral)
26
Q

What is the Tx for Kawasaki’s Dz?

A
  • high dose ASA
  • IV IG
  • Tx within 10 days to prevent cardiac complications
27
Q

What is the most common exanthematous rash and what is it caused by?

A

The Viral Rash (enteroviruses: ehovirus and coxsackievirus exanthems)

28
Q

How long after initiation of a medication will a cutaneous drug reaction become apparent?

A

Typically 7-10 days after

Dermatology (14 decks)

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