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Chem > Exams Semester I > Flashcards

Exams Semester I Flashcards

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1
Q

As one becomes larger or smaller the other becomes larger or smaller

A

Directly proportional

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2
Q

Indication of how close a measurement is toots accepted value

A

Accuracy

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3
Q

The closeness of two or more measurements to each other

A

Precision

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4
Q

Mass of an object divided by its volume

A

Density

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5
Q

Each of the digits of a number that is significant

A

Significant figures

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6
Q

Your answer - actual answer / actual answer

A

Percent error

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7
Q

Mass
———– = ?
Volume

A

Density

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8
Q

Giga (G)

A

10^9

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9
Q

Mega (M)

A

10^6

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10
Q

Kilo (k)

A

10^3

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11
Q

Hecto (h)

A

10^1

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12
Q

Deca (da)

A

10^0

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13
Q

Deci (d)

A

10^-1

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14
Q

Centi (c)

A

10^-2

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15
Q

milli (m)

A

10^-3

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16
Q

Micro (u)

A

10^-6

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17
Q

Nano (n)

A

10^-9

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18
Q

Process by which the composition and properties of a substance change

A

Chemical change

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19
Q

A process by which a substance undergoes a change that does not undergo a change

A

Physical change

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20
Q

Characteristic of a substance that cannot be observed without altering the identity

A

Chemical property

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21
Q

Characteristic of a substance that can be observed without altering the identity

A

Physical property

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22
Q

Substance that can not be separated into simpler substances by a chemical change

A

Element

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23
Q

Substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportions

A

Compound

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24
Q

Mixture in which the particles are not uniformly intermingled and that therefore was visibly different parts

A

Heterogeneous mixture

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25
Q

Mixture made up of uniformly intermingled particles that therefore does not contain visibly different parts

A

Homogenous mixture

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26
Q

Blend of two or more pure substances that are not chemically combined

A

Mixture

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27
Q

Process that releases heat

A

Exothermic change

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28
Q

Process that absorbs heat

A

Endothermic change

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29
Q

What kind of material is water?

A

Compound

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30
Q

What kind of material is air?

A

Homogeneous mixture

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31
Q

What kind of material is salad?

A

Heterogeneous mixture

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32
Q

What kind of material is oxygen?

A

Element

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33
Q

What kind of change is iron rusting?

A

Chemical

34
Q

What kind of change is sugar dissolving?

A

Physical

35
Q

What kind of change is paper burning?

A

Chemical

36
Q

What kind of property is color?

A

Physical

37
Q

What kind of property is mass?

A

Physical

38
Q

What kind of property is flammability?

A

Chemical

39
Q

What kind of change is ice melting?

A

Endothermic

40
Q

What kind of change is wood burning?

A

Exothermic

41
Q

What kind of change is cake baking?

A

Endothermic

42
Q

Positively charged particle within the nucleus of an atom

A

Protons

43
Q

Neutral particle within the nucleus of an atom

A

Neutrons

44
Q

Negatively charged particle within an atom

A

Electrons

45
Q

An atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge because it has lost or gained electrons

A

Ions

46
Q

Atom that has the same number of protons as another atom, but has a different number of neutrons

A

Isotopes

47
Q

Ionizing radiation consisting of alpha particles, emitted by some substances undergoing radioactive decay

A

Alpha radiation

48
Q

Ionizing radiation consisting of beta particles, emitted by some substances undergoing beta decay

A

Beta radiation

49
Q

Gamma rays

A

Gamma radiation

50
Q

Splitting of an atomic nucleus into smaller nuclei of approximately equal mass

A

Nuclear fission

51
Q

Joining of two atomic nuclei of smaller mass to form a single nucleus of greater mass

A

Nuclear fusion

52
Q

What contributions did Dalton make to the atomic theory?

A

Thought an atom could not be subdivided anymore

53
Q

What contributions did Thomson make to the atomic theory?

A

Plum Pudding Model= discovered electrons

54
Q

What contributions did Rutherford make to the atomic theory?

A

Gold Foil Experiment= discovered the nucleus

55
Q 
Zn-70
Atomic #: ?
Atomic mass: ?
#of protons: ?
#of neutrons: ?
#of electrons: ?
A 
Atomic #: 30
Atomic mass: 70
#of protons: 30
#of neutrons: 40
#of electrons: 30
56
Q 
23
    Na+
11
Atomic #: ?
Atomic mass: ?
#of protons: ?
#of neutrons: ?
#of electrons: ?
A 
Atomic #: 11
Atomic mass: 23
#of protons: 11
#of neutrons: 12
#of electrons: 10
57
Q

What is the equation for alpha?

A

4
He
2

58
Q

What is the equation for beta?

A

0
e
-1

59
Q

Distance between two successive similar points on a wave

A

Wavelength

60
Q

Number of waves that pass a certain point in a given amount of time

A

Frequency

61
Q

Term used to describe the probability of finding electrons in certain regions of an atom

A

Orbital

62
Q

Lowest energy level of electrons in an atom

A

Ground state

63
Q

Energy level attained by an electron that absorbs additional energy and jumps from its normal level to a higher energy level

A

Excited state

64
Q

What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency of electromagnetic radiation?

A

As wavelengths continue to increase, frequency decreases

65
Q

What is the relationship between energy and frequency of a wave?

A

Energy and frequency of a wave are directly proportional, meaning if one increases/decreases, the other will do the same

66
Q

Each electron occupies the lowest possible energy orbital, all orbitals related to an energy level are of equal energy

A

What is the Aufbau principle?

67
Q

A maximum of two electrons may occupy a single orbital, but only if the electrons have opposite spins

A

What is the Pauli exclusion principle?

68
Q

Single electrons with the same spins must occupy each equal energy orbital before additional electrons with opposite spins can occupy the same orbital

A

What is Hund’s rule?

69
Q

The natural law that states that the physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers

A

Periodic law

70
Q

Distance between the center of the nucleus of an atom

A

Atomic radius

71
Q

Energy required to remove the most loosely held electron from an atom

A

Ionization energy

72
Q

Atomic radius
Left»right = ?
Up»down = ?

A

Decreases

Increases

73
Q

Ionization energy
Left»right = ?
Up»down = ?

A

Increases

Decreases

74
Q

Low densities, low melting points, soft enough to be cut by a knife, very reactive; IA

A

Alkali metals

75
Q

High densities, high melting points; IIA

A

Alkaline earth metals

76
Q

High densities, high melting points, good conductors; group 3-12

A

Transition metals

77
Q

Soft silvery metals, reacts slowly with water, tarnish readily in air, many are radioactive; bottom elements

A

Inner transition metals

78
Q

Highly reactive, react with metals and nonmetals, low densities; VIIA

A

Halogens

79
Q

Least reactive elements; VIII

A

Noble gases

80
Q

Related so that as one becomes smaller the other becomes larger

A

Inversely proportional

Chem (10 decks)

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