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Chem > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Proton: charge

A

+

Positive

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2
Q

Proton: mass

A

1 amu

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3
Q

Neutron: location

A

Nucleus

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4
Q

Neutron: charge

A

0

Zero; nothing

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5
Q

Neutron: mass

A

1 amu

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6
Q

Electron: location

A

Outside the nucleus

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7
Q

Electron: charge

A

-

Negative

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8
Q

U- 235:

  • Name
  • Protons
  • Neutrons
  • electrons
A

Name: uranium -235
Protons: 92
Neutrons: 143
Electrons: 92

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9
Q 
1 H+ :
1
-Name
-Protons
-neutrons 
-electrons
A

Name: hydrogen -1 ion
Protons: 1
Neutron: 0
Electron: 0

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10
Q 
84Kr
36
-Name
-Protons
-Neutrons
-Electrons
A

Name: krypton -84
Proton: 36
Neutron: 48
Electron: 36

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11
Q

What are the main points of daltons atomic theory?

A
  • all matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms
  • all atoms are identical, but differ those of any other reaction
  • atoms are not created/destroyed in chemical reactions
  • compound always has the same relative numbers and kinds of atoms
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12
Q

Proton: location

A

Nucleus

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13
Q

What is a cathode ray tube?

A

A vacuum tube which contains a source of electrons and a fluorescent screen, with some means to accelerate and deflect the electron beam

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14
Q

Who experimented with cathode ray tubes and discovered electrons?

A

J.JThomas

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15
Q

What did the scientist JJ Thomas discover about electrons and why was this important?

A

Electrons are much smaller than the smallest atom and he discovered that they were negatively charged particles and they are important because they lead to the structure of an atom.

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16
Q

Describe Rutherfords gold foil experiment

A
  • took lead box
  • put radio activity in it
  • electron/alpha particular gun
  • most particles went straight through the gold foil
  • some deflected
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17
Q

What 2 main points about the atom was discovered in the gold foil experiment?

A
  • atoms contain a nucleus

- the mass of an atom was concentrated at its center

18
Q

What is an ion?

A

An ion is something with more or less electrons than protons, the number of protons dint equal

19
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Different number of neutrons

Same number of protons

20
Q

Why are some isotopes unstable?

A

Have too many or not enough neutrons

21
Q

How do isotopes become stable?

A

By balancing out the number of protons and neutrons

22
Q

Alpha:

  • composition
  • charge
  • nuclear symbol
A 
Composition: 2 protons 2 neutrons 
Charge: +2
Nuclear symbol: 
4
HE
2
23
Q

Beta:
Composition
Charge
Nuclear symbol

A 
Composition: electron 
Charge: - (negative)
Nuclear symbol: 
0
e
-1
24
Q

Gamma:
Composition
Charge
Nuclear symbol

A 
Composition: pure energy 
Charge: 0
Nuclear symbol: 
0 (upside down fish)
0
25
Q

Who first proposed that matter is composed of tiny indivisible particles?

A

Democritus

26
Q

Which scientist developed the atomic theory of matter?

A

John Dalton

27
Q

A nucleus of four neutrons and four protons that is surrounded by two electrons is?

A

A positive ion

28
Q

What will a positive charge do?

A

Repel another positive charge

29
Q

What could a cathode ray do?

A

Could spin a small paddlewheel

30
Q

Who discovered electrons?

A

Thomson

31
Q

A hydrogen Atom has a charge of???

A

0

32
Q

Isotopes contain different numbers of…?

A

Neutrons

33
Q

True or false: radioactivity results from changes in the Atoms nucleus?

A

True

34
Q

True or false: the force that holds nuclear particles together is called the electrical force?

A

False

35
Q

True or false: gamma radiation consists of particles with a +2 charge?

A

False, alpha is +2

36
Q

True or false: in a cathode ray tube, the cathode ray comes from the anode

A

False, it comes from the cathode

37
Q

True or false: an electrons mass is essentially 1 amu?

A

False, 1/2000 amu

38
Q

True or false: the number of protons in an atom is called its atomic mass?

A

False, atomic number

39
Q

True or false: a isotope is an atom or a group of atoms having having a net electrical charge?

A

False, ion not isotope

40
Q

True or false: An atoms mass number is the sum of its protons and neutrons?

A

True

41
Q

Why is a nucleus with too few neutrons unstable?

A

Because there needs to be the same number of protons and neutrons

42
Q

What are the three subatomic particles in an atom and there charges?

A

Protons: positively charged
Neutrons: no charge
Electron: negatively charged

Chem (10 decks)

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