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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

observations

A

bit of information gathered with the senses

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2
Q

hypothesis

A

statement that can be tested

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3
Q

controls

A

standard used for comparison in an expirement

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4
Q

independant variable

A

single factor in an experiment that the experiment changes

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5
Q

dependant variable

A

factor that will be measured in an experiment

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6
Q

constants

A

factor that stays the same through all phases of an experiment

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7
Q

inferences

A

conclusion drawn from an observation

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8
Q

sea breeze

A

movement of air from sea to land during the day when cooler air from above the water moves over the land, forcing the heated, less dense air above the land to rise

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9
Q

land breeze

A

movement of air from land to sea at night, created when cooler denser air from the land forces up warmer air over the sea

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10
Q

air pressure

A

the air that is pulled down by gravity towards earth’s surface creating pressure

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11
Q

doldurms

A

low pressure along the equater with lots of cloudy rainy weather

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12
Q

westerlies

A

air from the west that moves to the polar regions

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13
Q

coriolios effect

A

the flow of air caused by by differences in the amount of solar radition received on Earth’s surface

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14
Q

atmosphere

A

layer around earth that protects earth from the suns harmful UV rays d

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15
Q

low pressure

A

has cloudy weather

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16
Q

high pressure

A

usually means good weather

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17
Q

ozone layer

A

absorbs sun’s harmful UV rays

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18
Q

tradewinds

A

air warmed near the equater and travels towards the poles

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19
Q

water cycle

A

continuous cycle of water molecules on earth

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20
Q

percipitation

A

water falling from clouds rain, snow, sleet, hail

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21
Q

severe weather

A

weather that can be harmful

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22
Q

air mass

A

large body of air with the same characteristics of temp. and moisture content as the place it formed over

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23
Q

front

A

boundry between two air masses

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24
Q

humidity

A

amount of water vapor in the air

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25
Q

clouds

A

billions of tiny water droplets form together to make a cloud

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26
Q

dew point

A

the temp. at which the air is saturated and condensation forms

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27
Q

weather tools

A

things used to measure the weather

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28
Q

meteoroligists

A

person who studies weather

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29
Q

isobars

A

lines on a weather map that connect points having equal atmospheric pressure

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30
Q

global warming

A

increase in the average global temp. of earth

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31
Q

greenhouse effect

A

heat trapping feature of the atmosphere

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32
Q

climate

A

average weather pattern in a area over a long period of time

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33
Q

seasons

A

short period of climate change

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34
Q

mitosis

A

nucleas of a cell splits and becomes a new cell

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35
Q

haploid

A

cell that has half the amount of chromosones as body cells

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36
Q

diploid

A

cell whose similiar chromosones occurr in pairs

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37
Q

of chromosones

A

46

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38
Q

forms of reproduction

A

asexual; sexual

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39
Q

forms of asexual reproduction

A

fission, budding, and regeneration

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40
Q

air pollution

A

soot, smoke, ash, gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur oxides

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41
Q

acid rain

A

rain with PH below 5.6 occurs when air pollutants get into precipitatioin and fall to earth

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42
Q

male reproductive cell and female

A

male- sperm female- egg

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43
Q

artisan

A

skilled crafts person

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44
Q

historian

A

person who studies and writes about the human past

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45
Q

scribes

A

record keeper

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46
Q

nomad

A

person who regularly moves from place to place

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47
Q

caravan

A

group of traveling merchants and animals

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48
Q

archeologists

A

scientist who learns about past human life by studying fossils and artifacts

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49
Q

heridetery

A

passed down through generations of family

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50
Q

cataract

A

steep rapids formed by cliffs and boulders in a river

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51
Q

rabbi

A

jewish leader and teacher of the torah

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52
Q

zealots

A

jews that revolted against the romans

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53
Q

raja

A

prince who led aryan tribe in India

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54
Q

guru

A

religious teacher and spirtual guide in hinduism

55
Q

suttee

A

when a man died the wife was expected to jump into the flames and die too

56
Q

caste

A

India’s social class system

57
Q

reancarnation

A

rebirth of the soul or spirit in different bodies overtime

58
Q

accupuncture

A

chinese practice of easing pain by sticking thin needles into patients skin

59
Q

warlords

A

military leader who runs the goverment

60
Q

sanskrit

A

written language developed by the Aryans

61
Q

embalming

A

process developed by the ancient egyptians of preserving a persons body after death

62
Q

mummy

A

body that has been embalmed and wrapped in linen

63
Q

dynasty

A

line of rulers from the same family

64
Q

epic

A

long poem that tells about legendary or heroic deeds

65
Q

agora

A

in early greek city-states, an open area that served as both a market and a meeting place

66
Q

prophecy

A

someone that is chosen to do the duties of god

67
Q

karma

A

the good or bad energy a person builds up based upon whether he or she lives a good or bad life

68
Q

mandate

A

formal order

69
Q

monotheism

A

the beleif in one god

70
Q

messiah

A

in judaism, a deliverer sent by God

71
Q

bronze period

A

a period where bronze was used for a lot of things

72
Q

gold age

A

period of great growth

73
Q

simile

A

compares two things using like than or as

74
Q

metaphor

A

comparing two things without using like or as

75
Q

alliteration

A

repitition of beggining sounds in words

76
Q

onomatopoeia

A

word that makes the sounds its naming

77
Q

idiom

A

figure of speech that doesn’t mean literally what it says

78
Q

hyperbole

A

extreme exaggeration

79
Q

imagery

A

use of language that gives you a mental picture of a situation

80
Q

personification

A

giving human qaulities to non-human things

81
Q

what stunned Jonas during the ceremony of Twelve?

A

he was skipped

82
Q

why was losing Rosemary disastrous for the community?

A

because all the memories of hurt and sorrow and pain went to the people of the community

83
Q

as a receiver of memory, Jonas was startled to learn?

A

that he could lie

84
Q

what did Jonas realize when he watched the release of the twin?

A

that release ment death

85
Q

how did the Giver transmit memories to Jonas?

A

Jonas layed on a bed and the Giver put his hands on Jonas’s back

86
Q

what are things made by humans long ago

A

artifacts

87
Q

what is the old stone age called

A

paleolithic

88
Q

who developed a way of making iron strong enough to use for weapons

A

Hittites

89
Q

what is a long poem that tells the story of a hero

A

epic

90
Q

a group of many different lands under one ruler

A

empire

91
Q

chaldean king who built the hanging gardens to please his wife

A

Nebuchandnezzar

92
Q

one of the oldest known cities

A

Jericho

93
Q

building dams, channels, walls, and ditches to bring water to crops

A

irrigation

94
Q

cradle of civilization

A

mesopotamia

95
Q

sumerian building material

A

mud brick

96
Q

traces of plants or animals preserved in rock

A

fossils

97
Q

record keepers who often went on to become goverment officials

A

scribes

98
Q

one of the oldest known cities, in present-day Turkey

A

catal huyuk

99
Q

hero of an epic who travels around the world performing great deeds

A

gilgamesh

100
Q

site of one of the worlds first libraries

A

Nineveh

101
Q

people who study heavenly bodies

A

astronomers

102
Q

first large army to use iron weapons

A

assyrians

103
Q

people who regularly move from place to place

A

nomads

104
Q

new stone age

A

Neolithic

105
Q

grand temple with a shrine at the top, like a giant square wedding cake

A

ziggurat

106
Q

mesopotamia’s climate was

A

hot and dry

107
Q

skilled workers who made metal products, cloth, or pottery are called

A

atrtisans

108
Q

who wrote the legal code that covered most areas of daily life

A

hammurabi

109
Q

people who study and write about the human past are called

A

historians

110
Q

the sumerian writing system was called

A

cuneiform

111
Q

the center of the chaldean empire was at

A

babylon

112
Q

a mixture of copper and tin is

A

brass

113
Q

times of extreme cold

A

ice age

114
Q

artisans, merchants, farmers, and fishers made up this group

A

middle class

115
Q

a group of traveling merchants is called a

A

caravan

116
Q

who studies artifacts and fossils to help them understand the past

A

archeologists

117
Q

the first kings were probably

A

war heros

118
Q

taming an animal or plant for use by humans is called

A

domestication

119
Q

who was the king of the akkadians who conquered all of Mesopotamia

A

sargon

120
Q

what helped ideas spread around the world

A

trade

121
Q

something that passes to the children when the parent dies

A

hereditary

122
Q

these people built a great army to protect their lands from invasion

A

assyrians

123
Q

also known as menes, he united upper and lower Egypt

A

Narmer

124
Q

the natural barrier that protected Egypt to the south

A

cataract

125
Q

the nile rivers floods could be described as

A

gentle and dependable

126
Q

the king who drove the Hykosos out of Egypt was

A

Ahmose

127
Q

what crops did the Egyptians grow

A

flax. wheat, and barley

128
Q

the land around the nile river delta is known as

A

lower Egypt

129
Q

what was a collection of spells and prayers studied to help obtain the afterlife

A

the book of the dead

130
Q

the forced payments sent to the pharaoh by conquered peoples are called

A

tribute

131
Q

the capital of kush, located on a trade route was

A

Napata

132
Q

an embalmed body wrapped in cloth strips is a

A

mummy

133
Q

a line of rulers that passes power from father to son is a

A

dynasty

134
Q

who tried to change the egyptian religion

A

amenhotep

Science (8 decks)

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