Exams Flashcards
observations
bit of information gathered with the senses
hypothesis
statement that can be tested
controls
standard used for comparison in an expirement
independant variable
single factor in an experiment that the experiment changes
dependant variable
factor that will be measured in an experiment
constants
factor that stays the same through all phases of an experiment
inferences
conclusion drawn from an observation
sea breeze
movement of air from sea to land during the day when cooler air from above the water moves over the land, forcing the heated, less dense air above the land to rise
land breeze
movement of air from land to sea at night, created when cooler denser air from the land forces up warmer air over the sea
air pressure
the air that is pulled down by gravity towards earth’s surface creating pressure
doldurms
low pressure along the equater with lots of cloudy rainy weather
westerlies
air from the west that moves to the polar regions
coriolios effect
the flow of air caused by by differences in the amount of solar radition received on Earth’s surface
atmosphere
layer around earth that protects earth from the suns harmful UV rays d
low pressure
has cloudy weather
high pressure
usually means good weather
ozone layer
absorbs sun’s harmful UV rays
tradewinds
air warmed near the equater and travels towards the poles
water cycle
continuous cycle of water molecules on earth
percipitation
water falling from clouds rain, snow, sleet, hail
severe weather
weather that can be harmful
air mass
large body of air with the same characteristics of temp. and moisture content as the place it formed over
front
boundry between two air masses
humidity
amount of water vapor in the air
clouds
billions of tiny water droplets form together to make a cloud
dew point
the temp. at which the air is saturated and condensation forms
weather tools
things used to measure the weather
meteoroligists
person who studies weather
isobars
lines on a weather map that connect points having equal atmospheric pressure
global warming
increase in the average global temp. of earth
greenhouse effect
heat trapping feature of the atmosphere
climate
average weather pattern in a area over a long period of time
seasons
short period of climate change
mitosis
nucleas of a cell splits and becomes a new cell
haploid
cell that has half the amount of chromosones as body cells
diploid
cell whose similiar chromosones occurr in pairs
of chromosones
46
forms of reproduction
asexual; sexual
forms of asexual reproduction
fission, budding, and regeneration
air pollution
soot, smoke, ash, gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur oxides
acid rain
rain with PH below 5.6 occurs when air pollutants get into precipitatioin and fall to earth
male reproductive cell and female
male- sperm female- egg
artisan
skilled crafts person
historian
person who studies and writes about the human past
scribes
record keeper
nomad
person who regularly moves from place to place
caravan
group of traveling merchants and animals
archeologists
scientist who learns about past human life by studying fossils and artifacts
heridetery
passed down through generations of family
cataract
steep rapids formed by cliffs and boulders in a river
rabbi
jewish leader and teacher of the torah
zealots
jews that revolted against the romans
raja
prince who led aryan tribe in India
guru
religious teacher and spirtual guide in hinduism
suttee
when a man died the wife was expected to jump into the flames and die too
caste
India’s social class system
reancarnation
rebirth of the soul or spirit in different bodies overtime
accupuncture
chinese practice of easing pain by sticking thin needles into patients skin
warlords
military leader who runs the goverment
sanskrit
written language developed by the Aryans
embalming
process developed by the ancient egyptians of preserving a persons body after death
mummy
body that has been embalmed and wrapped in linen
dynasty
line of rulers from the same family
epic
long poem that tells about legendary or heroic deeds
agora
in early greek city-states, an open area that served as both a market and a meeting place
prophecy
someone that is chosen to do the duties of god
karma
the good or bad energy a person builds up based upon whether he or she lives a good or bad life
mandate
formal order
monotheism
the beleif in one god
messiah
in judaism, a deliverer sent by God
bronze period
a period where bronze was used for a lot of things
gold age
period of great growth
simile
compares two things using like than or as
metaphor
comparing two things without using like or as
alliteration
repitition of beggining sounds in words
onomatopoeia
word that makes the sounds its naming
idiom
figure of speech that doesn’t mean literally what it says
hyperbole
extreme exaggeration
imagery
use of language that gives you a mental picture of a situation
personification
giving human qaulities to non-human things
what stunned Jonas during the ceremony of Twelve?
he was skipped
why was losing Rosemary disastrous for the community?
because all the memories of hurt and sorrow and pain went to the people of the community
as a receiver of memory, Jonas was startled to learn?
that he could lie
what did Jonas realize when he watched the release of the twin?
that release ment death
how did the Giver transmit memories to Jonas?
Jonas layed on a bed and the Giver put his hands on Jonas’s back
what are things made by humans long ago
artifacts
what is the old stone age called
paleolithic
who developed a way of making iron strong enough to use for weapons
Hittites
what is a long poem that tells the story of a hero
epic
a group of many different lands under one ruler
empire
chaldean king who built the hanging gardens to please his wife
Nebuchandnezzar
one of the oldest known cities
Jericho
building dams, channels, walls, and ditches to bring water to crops
irrigation
cradle of civilization
mesopotamia
sumerian building material
mud brick
traces of plants or animals preserved in rock
fossils
record keepers who often went on to become goverment officials
scribes
one of the oldest known cities, in present-day Turkey
catal huyuk
hero of an epic who travels around the world performing great deeds
gilgamesh
site of one of the worlds first libraries
Nineveh
people who study heavenly bodies
astronomers
first large army to use iron weapons
assyrians
people who regularly move from place to place
nomads
new stone age
Neolithic
grand temple with a shrine at the top, like a giant square wedding cake
ziggurat
mesopotamia’s climate was
hot and dry
skilled workers who made metal products, cloth, or pottery are called
atrtisans
who wrote the legal code that covered most areas of daily life
hammurabi
people who study and write about the human past are called
historians
the sumerian writing system was called
cuneiform
the center of the chaldean empire was at
babylon
a mixture of copper and tin is
brass
times of extreme cold
ice age
artisans, merchants, farmers, and fishers made up this group
middle class
a group of traveling merchants is called a
caravan
who studies artifacts and fossils to help them understand the past
archeologists
the first kings were probably
war heros
taming an animal or plant for use by humans is called
domestication
who was the king of the akkadians who conquered all of Mesopotamia
sargon
what helped ideas spread around the world
trade
something that passes to the children when the parent dies
hereditary
these people built a great army to protect their lands from invasion
assyrians
also known as menes, he united upper and lower Egypt
Narmer
the natural barrier that protected Egypt to the south
cataract
the nile rivers floods could be described as
gentle and dependable
the king who drove the Hykosos out of Egypt was
Ahmose
what crops did the Egyptians grow
flax. wheat, and barley
the land around the nile river delta is known as
lower Egypt
what was a collection of spells and prayers studied to help obtain the afterlife
the book of the dead
the forced payments sent to the pharaoh by conquered peoples are called
tribute
the capital of kush, located on a trade route was
Napata
an embalmed body wrapped in cloth strips is a
mummy
a line of rulers that passes power from father to son is a
dynasty
who tried to change the egyptian religion
amenhotep
