EXAMS 3 Flashcards
Sigmund Freud started out as a researcher in the field of:
neurology
Sigmund Freud published his first solo-authored book, The Interpretation of Dreams, in:
1900
José spends most of his time thinking about Sheila, the love of his life. This had led to José
neglecting his course work. From a Freudian perspective, José’s neglect of his school work is
most likely due to:
his fixed amount of psychic energy.
The life instinct is typically referred to as:
libido.
Sigmund Freud’s original theory of instincts was profoundly influenced by:
darwin
According to Sigmund Freud, when a man directs his death instinct into a socially acceptable behavior (like playing football), he is:
less aggressive in other ways.
I ask you to recall your mother’s maiden name. According to Sigmund Freud, this
information resides in your _____ mind.
preconscious
According to Sigmund Freud, a slip of the tongue:
represents the motivated activity of the unconscious.
The most primitive part of the human mind is the:
id
Which part of the mind operates according to the pleasure principle?
the id
In the context of Sigmund Freud’s structure of personality, which of the following
statements is true about the pleasure principle?
It is a desire for immediate gratification.
Thinking without logical rules of conscious thought is known as:
primary process thinking.
In the context of Sigmund Freud’s structure of personality, which of the following is a
characteristic of wish fulfillment?
It involves the creation of a mental image of a desired object.
Which part of personality redirects energy from potentially problematic and unacceptable
outlets into more appropriate outlets?
The ego
The ego operates:
according to the reality principle.
Which part of the human mind engages in secondary process thinking?
The ego
In the context of the structure of personality, which of the following terms best describes
the development of strategies for solving problems and obtaining satisfaction and is a
characteristic of the ego?
Secondary process thinking
Which of the following statements is true about the ego?
It is the part of the mind that constrains the id to reality.
Which of the following parts of the mind is responsible for upholding social values and
ideals and determines what is right and what is wrong?
The superego
Which of the following is a similarity between the id and the superego?
Both are not bound by reality.
A person who has a well-balanced mind, one that is free from anxiety, will typically have
strong ego.
According to Sigmund Freud, anxiety is a signal that the control of the _____ is being
threatened by reality.
ego
In the context of Sigmund Freud’s dynamics of personality, which of the following is a
characteristic of objective anxiety?
The control of the ego is being threatened by an external factor.
You are walking down the street and encounter a large, angry dog that growls and bares
its teeth at you. You are most likely to experience _____ anxiety.
objective
Yang is lost in a big city and is likely to be late for an important job interview. He is most
likely experiencing _____ anxiety.
objective
In the context of Sigmund Freud’s dynamics of personality, which of the following is a
characteristic of moral anxiety?
It is caused by a conflict between the ego and the superego.
Jessica, a businesswoman, becomes anxious whenever she feels sexually attracted to her
clients or business partners. She panics at even the thought of sexual arousal. In the context of
Sigmund Freud’s dynamics of personality, she is most likely experiencing _____.
neurotic anxiety
- Kiara, who is suffering from bulimia, an eating disorder, eats a piece of chocolate cake at
a friend’s party. The next day, she runs three miles and refrains from eating the whole day to
make up for having eaten the high calorie food. In the context of Sigmund Freud’s dynamics
of personality, this scenario most likely illustrates _____.
moral anxiety
A conflict between the id and the ego results in _____ anxiety.
neurotic
In the context of Sigmund Freud’s dynamics of personality, people who punish
themselves, who have low self-esteem, or who feel worthless and ashamed most of the time
are most likely suffering from _____.
moral anxiety
The _____ is responsible for balancing the demands of reality and the other parts of the
mind.
ego
The ego uses _____ to deal with anxiety.
defense mechanisms
According to psychologists, the _____ refers to the tendency to blame events outside one’s
control for failure but to accept responsibility for success.
fundamental attribution error
Daydreaming can be an expression of:
denial
Which of the following defense mechanisms is a threatening or an unacceptable impulse
channeled or redirected from its original source to a nonthreatening target?
Displacement
A person has no memory of a horrible accident. What defense mechanism may be at
work?
Repression
Which of the following defense mechanisms is based on the notion that sometimes people
see in others the traits and desires they find most upsetting in themselves and literally attribute
these unacceptable qualities onto others?
Projection
When a woman consciously redirects anger that she feels toward her boss by abusing her
family dog, she is most likely resorting to the defense mechanism of:
displacement.
Which of the following defense mechanisms is especially common among educated
persons and involves generating acceptable reasons for outcomes that might otherwise appear
socially unacceptable?
Rationalization
Recent studies of repression have shown that repressors reported _____ levels of
subjective anxiety and _____ levels of physiological arousal when exposed to sexual or
aggressive phrases.
the lowest; the highest
Repressors tend to have _____ memories of emotional events than nonrepressors.
worse
Curtis is infatuated with his favorite pop singer. His house is well stocked with all her
recordings, and he reads everything he can about her. Whenever he happens to see her, he
tries to talk to her, but she always ignores him. However, he excessively recommends her
songs to his friends and immensely praises her in all social gatherings. The defense
mechanism Curtis is resorting to is:
reaction formation.
Which of the following is a characteristic of reaction formation, a defense mechanism?
People exhibit behavior that is exactly opposite of what is expected of them.
People who become involved in anti-homosexuality campaigns exemplify:
projection.
Miasha is unable to keep her apartment neat and organized. She often complains that her
roommates lack cleanliness. She refers to them as slobs and hates them. In this scenario,
Miasha is most likely using the defense mechanism of:
projection
Miasha is unable to keep her apartment neat and organized. She often complains that her
roommates lack cleanliness. She refers to them as slobs and hates them. In this scenario,
Miasha is most likely using the defense mechanism of:
sublimation
Sigmund Freud remarked that building the skyscrapers of New York City might be a
result of:
sublimation.
According to psychoanalysts, adults who are compulsive, overly neat, rigid, and never
messy are likely to be fixated at the _____ stage.
anal
In which stage of personality development does a child discover that he has, or she does
not have, a penis?
The phallic stage
According to Sigmund Freud, which stage of personality development is characterized by
the awakening of sexual desire directed outward?
The phallic stage
According to Sigmund Freud, the main reason that drives little boys into giving up their
sexual desire for their mothers is:
castration anxiety.
_____ is a process that marks the beginning of the resolution of the Oedipal conflict and
the successful resolution of the phallic stage of psychosexual development for boys.
Identification
Sigmund Freud believed that _____ occurs during the latency period.
little psychological development
The _____ stage begins around puberty and lasts through one’s adult life.
genital
The _____ stage differs from the earlier stages in that it is not accompanied by a specific
conflict.
genital
The goal of psychoanalysis is:
to make the unconscious conscious.
Which of the following is NOT a technique for revealing unconscious conflict?
identification
Sigmund Freud called _____ “the royal road to the unconscious.”
dreams
According to Sigmund Freud, what the dream actually contains is called the _____ and
what the elements of the dream represent is called the _____ in dream analysis.
manifest content; latent content
Tracey dreams that a giant panda is chasing her inside a mall. The giant panda is a part of
the _____ content of her dream.
manifest
According to Sigmund Freud, a function of dreaming is to:
A. reduce anxiety.
allow a person to release unconscious tension.
_____ refers to the idea that what a person sees in an ambiguous figure, such as an
inkblot, reflects his or her personality.
The projective hypothesis
An intense emotional experience that accompanies the release of repressed material in a
person is referred to as:
insight
is a psychoanalytic therapist’s attempts to describe a patient’s unconscious
conflicts or repressed urges.
Interpretation
According to Sigmund Freud, when patients hamper their own therapy, they
demonstrate:
resistance.
Which of the following is a stage of psychoanalysis in which the forces that worked to
repress an individual’s disturbing impulse or trauma get redirected to oppose the
psychoanalytic process?
resistance
_____ occurs when a patient begins reacting to a psychoanalyst as if he or she were an
important figure from the patient’s own life.
tranference
In psychoanalysis, transference:
can reveal a patient’s unconscious conflicts.
Which of the following is NOT a criticism of psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud’s writings influenced sociology, literature, and fine arts.
Motives satisfy needs with:
thoughts, fantasies, and behaviors.
Which of the following questions do motivational psychologists ask?
What do people want?
Which of the following terms best describes an internal state that arouses and directs
behavior toward specific objects or goals?
motive
According to Murray, people might actually seek to increase tension:
in order to experience the pleasure of reducing that tension.
The idea that an individual’s various needs can be thought of as existing at different levels
of strength is referred to as:
the hierarchy of needs.
Why do we think of motives as dynamic?
Various motives interact with one another within a person.
According to Henry Murray, which of the following terms best refers to need-relevant
aspects of an individual’s environment?
press
The act of interpreting the environment and perceiving the meaning of what is going on in
a situation is termed:
apperception.
Which of the following is an essential feature of the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)?
Subjects are given an ambiguous stimulus and asked to describe and interpret what is
going on.
In the context of the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), which of the following
statements is true about state levels of a need?
They refer to a person’s momentary amount of a specific need.
Beta press refers to the:
subjective features of the environment
_____ refers to the objective features of an environment.
Alpha press
- The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) was developed in the:
1930s
The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a(n):
projective assessment technique.
Some researchers have criticized the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) because:
All of the answers are correct.
Spangler found that the _____ was a better predictor of long-term outcomes, and the
_____ was a better predictor of short-term responses.
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT); questionnaire method
The Multi-Motive Grid is:
a relatively new technique used to assess motives.
The name most associated with research on the need for achievement (nAch) is:
David McClelland.
People high in the need for achievement (nAch) are very concerned with:
doing things better.
People who score high on the need for achievement (nAch) prefer tasks with a _____ level
of difficulty.
moderate
In the context of determining sex differences, which of the following is a major difference
between men and women high in need for achievement (nAch)?
Childhood experiences
Independence training is thought to promote a:
for achievement (nAch).
The name most associated with research on the need for power (nPow) is:
David Winter.
_____ who score high on the need for power (nPow) tend to be more impulsive and
aggressive.
men
Which of the following motives is associated with poor health when inhibited?
power
The name most associated with research on the need for intimacy (nInt) is:
Dan McAdams.
_____ has been associated with having a satisfying job and family life.
Need for intimacy (nInt)
