Exams Flashcards
Domino Theory
A theory that if one nation comes under Communist control, then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control.
guerilla warefare
A hit-and-run technique used in fighting a war; fighting by small bands of warriors using tactics such as sudden ambushes
Truman Doctrine
1947, President Truman’s policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology, mainly helped Greece and Turkey
Marshall Plan
A United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe (1948-1952)
satellite states
Eastern European states under the control of the Soviet Union during the Cold War
Yalta Conference
1945 Meeting with US president FDR, British Prime Minister(PM) Winston Churchill, and and Soviet Leader Stalin during WWII to plan for post-war
Postdam Conference
This is the conference where Stalin, Truman, and Churchill came together to decide how Germany would be administered. Their goals were to establish order, settle peace treaty issues, and deal with the effects of WWII.
Berlin crisis
Soviets tried to remove the Allies from Berlin by cutting off access to the city
Berlin Wall
A wall separating East and West Berlin built by East Germany in 1961 to keep citizens from escaping to the West
Arms Race
Cold war competition between the U.S. and Soviet Union to build up their respective armed forces and weapons (nuclear weapons)
space race
A competition of space exploration between the United States and Soviet Union.
NATO
an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country (USSR); US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries
Warsaw Pact
An alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European nations. This was in response to the NATO. To reinforce communist dominance countries
Cuban Missile Crisis
The 1962 confrontation between US and the Soviet Union over Soviet missiles in Cuba.
Non-Proliferation Treaty
A treaty that created a framework for controlling the spread of nuclear materials and expertise between U.S and USSR
Bay of Pigs
In April 1961, a group of Cuban exiles organized and supported by the U.S. CIA landed on the southern coast of Cuba in an effort to overthrow Fidel Castro. The invasion ended in disaster.
Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty
Treaty signed in 1972 by the United States and the Soviet Union to slow the nuclear arms race.and limit production of nuclear missiles
Vietnamization
President Richard Nixons strategy for ending U.S involvement in the vietnam war, involving a gradual withdrawl of American troops and replacement of them with South Vietnamese forces
Intermediate Nuclear Forces Treaty
destroy all nuclear missiles by 1991
conventional forces in Europe
ending Cold War
Tet Offensive
The Vietcong’s planned an attack during a major Vietnamese holiday. Attacking 30 U.S targets and cities in South Vietnam
Rolling Thunder
Bombing campaign escalating against North Vietnam. target was the Ho Chi Minh Trail, and network of trails, bridges, and shelters in North Vietnam to Cambodia. This bombing had little effect on Vietcong and they began to make underground tunnel systems.
Lai Massacre
Mass murder of unarmed civilians. Operation by the US military in Vietnam.
Mixed marriages act
Forbade marriages between whites and those of another race
Immortality Amendment Act
Prohibited sexual intercourse between whites and other races
Population Registration Act
1950, everyone in South Africa must carry a racial id, based on Black, Colored, Indian, and White
Group areas act
Physical separation of races. Creating different areas for people of colour (poorly maintained) and whites
The natives act
People of colour must carry a Dompass everywhere they travel
Bantu Education Act
All black and people of color’s schools were brought under the control of the government. The whites schools were privately owned
Reservation of Separate Amenities Act
Forced segregation in all public amenities, public buildings, and public transport with the aim of eliminating contact between whites and other races
Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act
This apartheid era policy established eight black homelands, or Bantustans, one for each of these tribal groups. All blacks became citizens of one of these homelands. None of the homelands allowed for full democratic participation.
Sharpeville Massacre
1960 killing of 60 ANC protesters by police, turning point in the anti-apartheid movement
