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MD3002 > Examprep MSA > Flashcards

Examprep MSA Flashcards

1
Q

The gastrocolic reflex produces an increased frequency of mass movements in large intestine in response to distension of the stomach.
The efferent limb of this reflex is mediated through which substances?

A

Cholecystokinin & Gastrin

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2
Q

At which vertebral level does the subcostal plane sit in?

A

L3

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3
Q

What are 2 typical features of a duodenal ulcer?

A
  • Even distribution amongst social classes

- High or normal acid levels

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4
Q

How many years of life are lost in women with BMI >30 compared to women with BMI <25?

A

7 years

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5
Q

Which cell type produces the substance that is a major stimulus for aqueous secretion?

A

S cells

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6
Q

Adenocarcinoma accounts for 10% of malignant tumours of the oesophagus.
What is a risk factor for this type of tumour?

A

Tobacco

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7
Q

Which type of neoplasm accounts for 98% of malignant tumours of the colon & rectum?

A

Adenocarcinoma

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8
Q

What is the name of the apical membrane transporter that is responsible for the absorption of fructose into the blood?

A

GLUT5

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9
Q

What are the components of the portal triad that supply the liver lobule?

A
  • Branches of hepatic artery proper
  • Branches of portal vein
  • Branches of common bile duct
  • Lymphatics
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10
Q

What 4 factors can affect oral absorption of a drug?

A
  • GI motility
  • Particle size
  • Physiochemical factors
  • Splanchnic blood flow
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11
Q

What species of microbiota is likely to be found in the duodenum?

A

Lactobacilli

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12
Q

What percentage of colon cancer does Hereditary Non-Polyposis Coli (autosomal dominant genetic condition) account for?

A

1-5%

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13
Q

Which artery leaves the rectus sheath between the sternal and costal origins of the diaphragm?

A

Superior epigastric artery

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14
Q

What drug has an absorption delayed by the consumption of food?

A

Paracetamol

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15
Q

What is the single essential secretion of the stomach?

A

Intrinsic factor

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16
Q

What is an accurate description of the point that the oesophagus passes through the diaphragm?

A

Right crus of diaphragm, 7th costal cartilage, left of midline

17
Q

Inferior mesenteric artery arises from the abdominal aorta at L3 & supplies the hindgut.
What structures are carried to the hindgut along branches of this artery?

A

Least splanchnic nerves & parasympathetics from S2-S4

18
Q

What structures form part of the stomach bed?

A
  • Central tendon of diaphragm
  • Left colic flexure
  • Spleen
19
Q

During development that testis migrate to scrotum with peritoneal pouch which should remain only as the tunica vaginalis.
If this region fails to close what 3 conditions may occur as a result?

A
  • Cytocele
  • Hydrocele
  • Indirect Inguinal hernia
20
Q

Where is the swallowing centre located on the CNS?

A

Medulla & lower pons

21
Q

Through which substance is the efferent limb of the vagovagal reflex mediated?

A

VIP

22
Q

What 4 factors are able to decrease the frequency of action potentials in the GI tract?

A
  • Gastrin
  • GIP
  • Secretin
  • Sympathetic stimulation
23
Q

Approximately what percentage of of the Scottish workforce are employed in alcohol-related industries?

A

6%

24
Q

Where is the femoral artery palpable in the inguinal region?

A

Mid inguinal point

25
Q

Lower edge of the inguinal ligament and lacunar ligament medially form which wall of the inguinal canal?

A

Floor

26
Q

What correctly describes the location of the 2nd part of the duodenum?

A

Anterior to the hilum of the right kidney, on right side of L2-L3 vertebrae

27
Q

Approximately 25% of colorectal cancer patients have a family history.
In what proportion of these patients are causative mutations identifiable?

A

5-6%

28
Q

What is the most common site of colorectal cancer?

A

Rectosigmoid region

29
Q

What 4 things are correct features of pancreatic exocrine secretions?

A
  • Cholecystokinin reduces secretion
  • Contains lipase, amylase & proteases
  • High HCO3- content
  • Isotonic
30
Q

What are the 4 components of “physiological” oesophageal sphincter?

A
  • Contraction of left crus
  • Contraction of right crus
  • Contraction of circular smooth muscle layer in distal oesophagus
  • Oblique entry of oesophagus into the stomach
31
Q

What is the clinical feature of Giardia lamblia infection?

A

Loose, foul-smelling fatty stools

MD3002 (15 decks)

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