Examprep MSA Flashcards
The gastrocolic reflex produces an increased frequency of mass movements in large intestine in response to distension of the stomach.
The efferent limb of this reflex is mediated through which substances?
Cholecystokinin & Gastrin
At which vertebral level does the subcostal plane sit in?
L3
What are 2 typical features of a duodenal ulcer?
- Even distribution amongst social classes
- High or normal acid levels
How many years of life are lost in women with BMI >30 compared to women with BMI <25?
7 years
Which cell type produces the substance that is a major stimulus for aqueous secretion?
S cells
Adenocarcinoma accounts for 10% of malignant tumours of the oesophagus.
What is a risk factor for this type of tumour?
Tobacco
Which type of neoplasm accounts for 98% of malignant tumours of the colon & rectum?
Adenocarcinoma
What is the name of the apical membrane transporter that is responsible for the absorption of fructose into the blood?
GLUT5
What are the components of the portal triad that supply the liver lobule?
- Branches of hepatic artery proper
- Branches of portal vein
- Branches of common bile duct
- Lymphatics
What 4 factors can affect oral absorption of a drug?
- GI motility
- Particle size
- Physiochemical factors
- Splanchnic blood flow
What species of microbiota is likely to be found in the duodenum?
Lactobacilli
What percentage of colon cancer does Hereditary Non-Polyposis Coli (autosomal dominant genetic condition) account for?
1-5%
Which artery leaves the rectus sheath between the sternal and costal origins of the diaphragm?
Superior epigastric artery
What drug has an absorption delayed by the consumption of food?
Paracetamol
What is the single essential secretion of the stomach?
Intrinsic factor
What is an accurate description of the point that the oesophagus passes through the diaphragm?
Right crus of diaphragm, 7th costal cartilage, left of midline
Inferior mesenteric artery arises from the abdominal aorta at L3 & supplies the hindgut.
What structures are carried to the hindgut along branches of this artery?
Least splanchnic nerves & parasympathetics from S2-S4
What structures form part of the stomach bed?
- Central tendon of diaphragm
- Left colic flexure
- Spleen
During development that testis migrate to scrotum with peritoneal pouch which should remain only as the tunica vaginalis.
If this region fails to close what 3 conditions may occur as a result?
- Cytocele
- Hydrocele
- Indirect Inguinal hernia
Where is the swallowing centre located on the CNS?
Medulla & lower pons
Through which substance is the efferent limb of the vagovagal reflex mediated?
VIP
What 4 factors are able to decrease the frequency of action potentials in the GI tract?
- Gastrin
- GIP
- Secretin
- Sympathetic stimulation
Approximately what percentage of of the Scottish workforce are employed in alcohol-related industries?
6%
Where is the femoral artery palpable in the inguinal region?
Mid inguinal point
