examples final Flashcards

1
Q

safety culture example

A

In a safety-conscious workplace, employees prioritize reporting hazards promptly, and there’s a shared commitment to addressing safety concerns, fostering a culture where everyone plays a role in maintaining a safe environment.

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2
Q

Team example

A

a soccer team has the goal of winning the game

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3
Q

Group examples

A

this class is a group of people registered in this course; each of you is working toward your own goal of getting the best grade

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4
Q

Groupthink example

A

In the Challenger space shuttle disaster, groupthink played a role as engineers hesitated to voice concerns about the O-rings due to the prevailing desire for consensus. This led to a flawed decision, overlooking critical safety considerations and tragically resulting in the shuttle’s destruction.

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5
Q

normalization of deviance example

A

In the use of chainsaws, the normalization of deviance might occur when operators gradually become lax in following safety procedures, like bypassing protective gear or neglecting maintenance checks, leading to increased risk and potential accidents over time.

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6
Q

Total System Design example

A

Crew Resource Management (CRM) exemplifies total system design by comprehensively addressing human factors, communication protocols, and decision-making processes to optimize team performance and safety, particularly in high-risk environments like aviation.

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7
Q

Hazard example

A

exposed electrical wire in a workplace, posing the risk of electric shock to individuals who come into contact with it.

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8
Q

risk example

A

slipping and falling on a wet floor in a workplace. The wet floor (hazard) increases the likelihood of someone falling and getting injured (risk).

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9
Q

Risk analysis example

A

calculated through risk = p (error) × consequences (error) and this can calculate risks like loss of life

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10
Q

The Premortem Strategy example

A

used when organization has made an important decision, but has not yet committed to implementing it and its used as a form or prelaunch risk analysis

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11
Q

mental contrasting example

A

WOOP: Wish, Outcome, Obstacle, Plan

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12
Q

cognitive reframing example

A

“Mauritius is a small, insignificant island in the Indian Ocean.” vs. “Mauritius is the largest ocean state in the world.”

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13
Q

prospective hindsight example

A

Premortem Strategy

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14
Q

Peltzman effect example

A

When seat belts were introduced for safety in cars, the expectation was a reduction in injuries and fatalities. However, the Peltzman effect suggests that people might drive more aggressively, offsetting the intended safety benefits, and the overall risk may not decrease as much as expected.

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15
Q

risk homeostasis theory example

A

as evidence for this theories existence: laws banning cell phone use while driving have not reduced crashes

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16
Q

target risk level extra info Determined by 4 categories of motivating

A
  1. benefits of risky behavior
  2. Costs of risky behavior
  3. Benefits of safe behavior
  4. Costs of safe behavior
17
Q

Target risk level Greater risk as

A

1 and 4 increase and/or as 2 and 3 decrease

18
Q

Shared Space example

A

distinction between pedestrian and vehicular zones is minimized, with no curbs or traffic lights. Instead, the design relies on shared surfaces, visual cues, and the natural interactions between pedestrians and drivers to regulate traffic.

19
Q

anthropometry example

A

Anthropometry is applied in designing office chairs like Aeron Chair by considering measurements of the human body. This ensures that chairs accommodate diverse body sizes and shapes, promoting comfort and optimal posture in the workplace

20
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome example

A

Improperly designed computer setups, not aligned with an individual’s anthropometric measurements, can lead to awkward wrist postures and increased pressure on the median nerve, causing carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).

21
Q

Universal design example

A

curb cuts at street intersections. Originally designed to facilitate wheelchair access, curb cuts benefit a wide range of people, including those with strollers, cyclists, and individuals with mobility challenges.

22
Q

equitable use example

A

diaper changing station in men’s room

23
Q

flexibility in use example

A

Ambidextrous scissors

24
Q

simple and intuitive use example

A

Single leaver faucet

25
Q

perceptible information example

A

contrast between lids and bowls

26
Q

tolerance of error example

A

“undo” software functions

27
Q

size and space for approach and use example

A

Wide gate at subway stations

28
Q

skill-based behavior example

A

Pull handle to open door

29
Q

rule based behavior example

A

if pulling a door doesn’t work you read the sign that says push and push the door

30
Q

knowledge-based behavior example

A

door is locked because post office is closed; come back tomorrow

31
Q

The systems approach made up of 6 levels

A
    • Physical devices & Physical ergonomics: the design & the immediate environment
  1. Individual Behaviour
  2. Team & group Behaviour
  3. Organizational & management Behaviour
  4. Legal & Regulatory Rules
  5. Societal & Cultural Pressures
32
Q

Physical devices & Physical ergonomics example

A

the control board used to operate a nuclear reactor

33
Q

Individual Behaviour example

A

the way that two companies work together and coordinate/communicate on a project

34
Q

organizational and management example

A

shift choices

35
Q

Legal & Regulatory Rules example

A

laws that govern how you can complete a project

36
Q

Societal and cultural pressure examples

A

budget

37
Q

iatrogenic injury examples

A

Doctor accidentally nicks an artery during surgery