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Physics : Acids and Bases > Examples and Definitions > Flashcards

Examples and Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

what are acids?

A

acids are substances having H+ ions that react with OH- to form water

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2
Q

what happens when acids dissolve in water?

A

they ionise to form two ions, one of which is the hydrogen ion, H+. The H+ ion is responsible for the properties of acids.

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3
Q

what are the strong acids?

A
  • nitric acid
  • hydrochloric acid
  • sulphuric acid
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4
Q

what acid is vinegar?

A

ethanoic acid (acetic acid)

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5
Q

hydrochloric acid

A

(hydrogen chloride)

HCl

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6
Q

nitric acid

A

(hydrogen nitrate)

HNO3

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7
Q

sulphuric acid

A

(hydrogen sulphate)

H2SO4

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8
Q

what are bases?

A

bases are substances that react with H+ ions of acids to form water.
any compound that can neutralise an acid is called a base

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9
Q

ammonia solution

A

NH3

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10
Q

what are soluble bases called

A

alkalis

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11
Q

what are neutral substances

A

substances which do not affect the colour of litmus or other indicators

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12
Q

how can the pH of a solution be determined

A

by using universal indicators

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13
Q

what is a pH scale

A

a measure of acidity and alkalinity

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14
Q

what is the range of the pH scale?

A

1 to 14

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15
Q

pH less than 7

A

acidic

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16
Q

pH equal to 7

A

neutral

17
Q

pH more than 7

A

alkali/basic

18
Q

what is a commonality in alkalis

A

“hydroxide” (OH)

19
Q

what is a pH indicator

A

a weak acid solution that changes colour in the presence of an acid or alkali

20
Q

what colour is litmus in acid

A

red

21
Q

what colour is litmus in alkali

A

blue

22
Q

what colour is bromothymol blue in acid

A

yellow

23
Q

what colour is bromothymol blue in alkali

A

blue

24
Q

what colour is phenolphthalein in acid

A

colourless

25
Q

what colour is phenolphthalein in alkali

A

pink

26
Q

what colour is methyl orange in acid

A

red

27
Q

what colour is methyl orange in alkali

A

yellow

Physics : Acids and Bases (3 decks)

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