Examples Flashcards
S1 L1
Non-Propositions: Exhort
Let’s go get dinner! Let’s go hiking on Tuesday!
Non-Propositions: Command
Go to the store later to buy me some Cheese. Don’t do that.
Non-Propositions: Plead/Request
Would you please stop that? Please read me a bedtime story!
Non-Proposition: Question
What is the capital of Florida? How much do the pineapples cost?
Non-Proposition: Perform
I hereby adjourn this meeting. I pronounce you husband and wife!
Simple Propositions Examples
The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Canada is $1.7 Trillion.
The Sky is Blue
Freedom should be the highest value for its citizens
Harry Potter wears glasses
Complex Propositions Examples
The GDP of Canada is either $3 trillion or it is $12 trillion
The sky is blue, but it does not look blue to me right now
If freedom should be the highest value for its citizens, then we should promote it in our laws and policies.
Arguments can go wrong in only two ways
1) Bad inferential structure: In arguments w/ a bad form/structure, the premise do not demonstrate or support the conclusion.
2) False Premise: In arguments w/ false premise(s), there is something wrong w/ their particular content.
Conclusion Indicators
-Therefore -So -It follows that -Hence -Thus -Entails that -We may conclude that -Implies that -Wherefore -As a result
Inductive
We call an inference Inductive is the support premises intend to provide for the conclusion is less than certain, if the premises do not guarantee the conclusion
Deductive
We call an inference Deductive if the premises intend to provide conclusive support for the conclusion - if they intend to guarantee the conclusion or make the conclusion certain.
Good Inductive Arguments only offer probabilistic support for their conclusions.
An Inductive Argument can offer stronger or weaker inductive support for its conclusion
“If” - Antecedent
“Then” - Consequent
System 1, Cognitive Biases: If we arrive at conclusions automatically, they can be heavily influenced by availability bias, confirmation bias, and so forth