Example Questions #2 Flashcards
What is learning theory able to explain really well and not so very well
Learning theories cannot explain serious crimes against people such as rape, murder, and level 3 assault
It is easier to explain in learning theories about the lower class
What is the argument against the idea that hanging out with bad people causes criminal behaviour? - Critiquing social learning
The argument is that the reason an individual hangs out with negative peers is that they have already committed criminal acts
What must be proven in research regarding temporal ordering
Researchers must prove that there were no other causes, “Z” effecting Y
What is temporal ordering in research
Temporal ordering is the idea that if X causes Y, then X must have occurred before Y
What is imitation
Think of monkey see monkey do
Ex. Bandura’s bobo doll
- Children imitated their actions based on what they saw from adults
When do most youth’s commit crimes, according to Sutherland’s theory
From the age 13-20
When do most youths spend the majority of their time under the watchful eye of their parents
Prior to age 12-13
Where does the principle part of learning of crime occurs
The principle part of the learning of crime occurs within intimate personal groups
How can criminal behavior be learned, according to Sutherland’s theory
Criminal behavior can be learned through speech,observation, or participation
What are sub-association groups composed of
Sub assocation groups are composed of neighbors, teachers, church members, etc
Are people born criminals according to Sutherland’s Theory?
No, people are not born criminals according to Sutherland’s theory
Criminal behavior is learned
What is an attachment in social bond/control theory?
A.C.I.B - The A in A.C.I.B
Founded by Travis Hirschi
Attachment is one’s bond to family and school where bonds are made between parents and teachers; other social and community organizations and individuals would be included
How does attachment affect the likelihood of misbehaving according to social bond/control theory
If individuals are attached to other individuals and institution sin the community, there are less chance they will misbehave because to do so it will bring disappointment to those whom they care about
What is commitment in social bond/ control theory?
One/ four concepts founded by Travis Hirschi
Commitment is a concept that relates to strong bonds in the community which could be broken or damaged if ab individual misbehaving
What are some examples of commitment in social bond/ control theory - think of commitment to different groups of people
Community groups, places of employment, and marital relationships
How does commitment affect the likelihood of misbehaving according to the social bond/control theory
Individuals work too hard and long to build relationships in community to threaten them by committing criminal acts
What does involvement affect the likelihood of misbehaving according to social bond/control theory
he more individuals is working towards building strong relationships in the community, the less time they will have to commit the deviant acts
How does social bond/ control theory explain the bond between individuals and society
Through the concepts of attachment, commitment, involvement, and beliefs become bonded to society
What is beliefs in social bond/ control theory
Beliefs relate to the link between an individuals attitude and her behaviour
Edwin Lemart founded Primary Deviation. What is primary deviation
Is the first rule-breaking act that is performed by an otherwise socially compliant individual
Ex. Small theft, this leads to individuals being labeled as deviant as a drunk, drug addict,, etc
What are the signs of primary deviation
Includes starting early in life, commiting small crimes, willing to remove oneself from peer pressure, not accepting the label received form teachers, cops, etc
What is Drift, from Edwin Lemert’s labelling theory?
Drift is the tendency of individuals to drift between being a good kid and a primary deviant kid as a cycle
Moral Rhetoric is from Edwin Lemert’s labelling theory. What is it?
Refers to the claims and assertations that deviants make to normalize and rationalize deviant behaviours. Used to justify unfairness, exploitation or moral failing
Secondary Deviation is apart of Edwin Lemart’s labelling theory, what is it?
Occurs when an individual who has been labelled as a deviant commits a crime or deviance that may not have been committed if they were not labelled