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IT 254 - Illinois State University > ExamOneBrainScapeData > Flashcards

ExamOneBrainScapeData Flashcards

1
Q

Open computing

A

Open source software. Standards allowed heterogeneous systems to communicate with each other and exchange data. This was critical to the development of the World Wide Web - e-markets - e-commerce - and inter-company integration.

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2
Q

Distributed computing

A

A distributed system is a software system in which components located on networked computers communicate and coordinate their actions by passing messages. The components interact with each other in order to achieve a common goal.

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3
Q

Centralized computing

A

Centralized computing is computing done at a central location - using terminals that are attached to a central computer. The computer itself may control all the peripherals directly (if they are physically connected to the central computer) - or they may be attached via a terminal server.

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4
Q

Virtualization and logical computing

A

Virtual - existing or result in essence or effect though not in actual fact form or name. Created - simulated - or carried on by means of a comp or comp net. Making physical thing look like multiple physical things - segmenting it into multiple

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5
Q

What is a protocol

A

Common ground rules of communication between computers - I/O devices - and many software programs. Exp: HTTP: between Web servers and Web browsers - TCP/IP: between computers on the Internet and local area networks

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6
Q

What is a standard

A

Created to ensure universal compatibility of data formats and protocols. May be created by committee or may become a de facto standard through popular use. Exp: Java - SQL - C - JavaScript - MPEG-2 - JPEG - PNG - ASCII - Unicode - EBCDIC - MPEG-2 - MPEG-4 - MP3 - DVD-ROM

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7
Q

What is an operating system - and what are the major/popular operating systems

A

the software that supports a computer’s basic functions - such as scheduling tasks - executing applications - and controlling peripherals. Windows - Mac - Linux.

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8
Q

What is a programming language

A

A programming language is a formal constructed language designed to communicate instructions to a machine - particularly a computer. Programming languages can be used to create programs to control the behavior of a machine or to express algorithms.

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9
Q

What is ARPANET

A

Started in 1969 - early packet switching network and first network to use protocol suite TCP/IP. Both became the technical foundation of the internet (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network.)

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10
Q

What is a system and its components

A

A system is a collection of components linked together and organized in such a way as to be recognizable as a single unit. Ie your own network in your home. Linked components of a system also define a boundary for the system. The environment is anything outside of the system

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11
Q

Client-server model and the n-tier architecture

A

A program on a client computer requests services from a program on a server computer. Ie email. N-tier arch - Further separation of applications and processing.

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12
Q

Intranet vs. Internet

A

Internet is wide network of computers and is open for all. Users are unlimited - etc. Intranet is also a network of computers designed for a specific restricted group of users - restricted traffic - etc.

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13
Q

Cloud computing models

A

SaaS - PaaS - IaaS

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14
Q

What is HTTP

A

The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application protocol for distributed - collaborative - hypermedia information systems. HTTP is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web.

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15
Q

What is HTML

A

Hypertext Markup Language

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16
Q

What a ?base? numbering system is

A

The number of representations of a number in a system.

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17
Q

Binary

A

Base 2 system of 1’s and 0’s

18
Q

Decimal

A

base 10 system of 0-9

19
Q

Hexadecimal

A

base 16 system of 0-9 & A - B - C - D - E - F

20
Q

Range of possible values

A

Maxes based on the base

21
Q

Alphanumeric

A

Characters: b T - Number digits: 7 9 - Punctuation marks: ! ; Special-purpose characters: $ &

22
Q

numeric

A

Used for mathematical manipulation. Add - subtract - multiply - divide. Types: Integer (whole number) - Real (contains a decimal point).

23
Q

Alphanumeric vs numeric

A

Both entered as ordinary characters. Computer converts into numbers for calculation. Examples: Variables declared as numbers by the programmer (Salary$ in BASIC). Treated as characters if processed as text. Examples: Phone numbers - ZIP codes

24
Q

Collating sequence

A

Alphabetic sorting if software handles mixed upper- and lowercase codes. In ASCII - numbers collate first; in EBCDIC - last. ASCII collating sequence for string of characters.

25
Q

Coding tables: why are they needed - how do they work

A

sets a standard for collating for a particular table - ie ascii etc.

26
Q

Unsigned integers

A

Unsigned can hold a larger positive value - and no negative value. Unsigned uses the leading bit as a part of the value.

27
Q

Signed integers

A

Signed version uses the left-most-bit to identify if the number is positive or negative. signed integers can hold both positive and negative numbers.

28
Q

Binary-coded decimal

A

a system for coding a number in which each digit of a decimal number is represented individually by its binary equivalent.

29
Q

One?s complement

A

The ones’ complement of a binary number is defined as the value obtained by inverting all the bits in the binary representation of the number (swapping 0s for 1s and vice versa). The ones’ complement of the number then behaves like the negative of the original number in some arithmetic operations.

30
Q

Two?s complement

A

Two’s complement is the way every computer I know of chooses to represent integers. To get the two’s complement negative notation of an integer - you write out the number in binary. You then invert the digits - and add one to the result.

31
Q

Instructions:

A

Op Code represented by a single digit & Operand represented by 2 digits following the op code. Data or address of data to be manipulated. Cyle is to Fetch & Execute

32
Q

Load

A

5xx or LOAD

33
Q

Store

A

3xx or STORE

34
Q

Add

A

1xx or ADD

35
Q

Subtract

A

2xx or SUB

36
Q

Input

A

901 or INPUT

37
Q

Output

A

902 or OUTPUT

38
Q

Coffee Break

A

000 or HALT OR COB

39
Q

Branch ? unconditional

A

6xx or JUMP

40
Q

Branch on Zero

A

7xx or BRANCH ON 0

41
Q

Branch on Positive

A

8xx or BRANCH ON +

42
Q

How to write a LMC program to accomplish a particular task

A

fetch - execute using the instruction codes allowed.

IT 254 - Illinois State University (4 decks)

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