ExamOneBrainScapeData Flashcards
(42 cards)
Open computing
Open source software. Standards allowed heterogeneous systems to communicate with each other and exchange data. This was critical to the development of the World Wide Web - e-markets - e-commerce - and inter-company integration.
Distributed computing
A distributed system is a software system in which components located on networked computers communicate and coordinate their actions by passing messages. The components interact with each other in order to achieve a common goal.
Centralized computing
Centralized computing is computing done at a central location - using terminals that are attached to a central computer. The computer itself may control all the peripherals directly (if they are physically connected to the central computer) - or they may be attached via a terminal server.
Virtualization and logical computing
Virtual - existing or result in essence or effect though not in actual fact form or name. Created - simulated - or carried on by means of a comp or comp net. Making physical thing look like multiple physical things - segmenting it into multiple
What is a protocol
Common ground rules of communication between computers - I/O devices - and many software programs. Exp: HTTP: between Web servers and Web browsers - TCP/IP: between computers on the Internet and local area networks
What is a standard
Created to ensure universal compatibility of data formats and protocols. May be created by committee or may become a de facto standard through popular use. Exp: Java - SQL - C - JavaScript - MPEG-2 - JPEG - PNG - ASCII - Unicode - EBCDIC - MPEG-2 - MPEG-4 - MP3 - DVD-ROM
What is an operating system - and what are the major/popular operating systems
the software that supports a computer’s basic functions - such as scheduling tasks - executing applications - and controlling peripherals. Windows - Mac - Linux.
What is a programming language
A programming language is a formal constructed language designed to communicate instructions to a machine - particularly a computer. Programming languages can be used to create programs to control the behavior of a machine or to express algorithms.
What is ARPANET
Started in 1969 - early packet switching network and first network to use protocol suite TCP/IP. Both became the technical foundation of the internet (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network.)
What is a system and its components
A system is a collection of components linked together and organized in such a way as to be recognizable as a single unit. Ie your own network in your home. Linked components of a system also define a boundary for the system. The environment is anything outside of the system
Client-server model and the n-tier architecture
A program on a client computer requests services from a program on a server computer. Ie email. N-tier arch - Further separation of applications and processing.
Intranet vs. Internet
Internet is wide network of computers and is open for all. Users are unlimited - etc. Intranet is also a network of computers designed for a specific restricted group of users - restricted traffic - etc.
Cloud computing models
SaaS - PaaS - IaaS
What is HTTP
The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application protocol for distributed - collaborative - hypermedia information systems. HTTP is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web.
What is HTML
Hypertext Markup Language
What a ?base? numbering system is
The number of representations of a number in a system.
Binary
Base 2 system of 1’s and 0’s
Decimal
base 10 system of 0-9
Hexadecimal
base 16 system of 0-9 & A - B - C - D - E - F
Range of possible values
Maxes based on the base
Alphanumeric
Characters: b T - Number digits: 7 9 - Punctuation marks: ! ; Special-purpose characters: $ &
numeric
Used for mathematical manipulation. Add - subtract - multiply - divide. Types: Integer (whole number) - Real (contains a decimal point).
Alphanumeric vs numeric
Both entered as ordinary characters. Computer converts into numbers for calculation. Examples: Variables declared as numbers by the programmer (Salary$ in BASIC). Treated as characters if processed as text. Examples: Phone numbers - ZIP codes
Collating sequence
Alphabetic sorting if software handles mixed upper- and lowercase codes. In ASCII - numbers collate first; in EBCDIC - last. ASCII collating sequence for string of characters.
