Examining the Urine and Imaging

Question 1

What is the normale GFR?

Answer 1

Approx 144L per day (100ml/min).

Question 2

What is fractional excretion?

Answer 2

The amount of sodium excreted vs the amount of sodium filtered.

Question 3

How can we estimate GFR?

Answer 3

Creatinine clearance.

Question 4

How could we tell if kidneys arent functioning properly?

Answer 4

eGFR: <60ml/min.

Or if rise in serum creatinine while within the >60ml/min range.

Question 5

How can we tell if the kidneys are injured or disease?

Answer 5

eGFR: <60ml/min.

Detection of protein and/or blood in the urine.

Question 6

Define acute vs chronic kidney disease?

Answer 6

Acute - over 1-2 weeks.
Chronic- 3+ months.

Grey area in between.

Question 7

What is oliguria?

Answer 7

<400ml of urine per day in adults.
Sign of acute tubular necrosis.
At this point kidney is also sensitive to other insults e.g. intravenous contrast, nephrotoxic medicines, infection.