examine the ways in which the sovereignty of the nation state has been challenged by economic and politcal globalisation (12)

Question 1

impact 1 (economic)

Answer 1

P: since the end of the cold war, countries across the world have embraced the principles of neoclassical economic liberalism

E: the world bank and and imf structural adjustment programmes require recipient nation states to adopt free market reforms. These include privatisation, cutting taxes, and reducing the role of the state in the economy

A: this has limited the economic choices available to nation states since in order to attract trade and investment, they need to conform to the free market principles of the Washington consensus

Question 2

Impact 2 (political)

Answer 2

P: by establishing intergovernmental organisations and involving non-governmental organisations in collective-descision making, political globalisation challenges the centrality of the nation state in global politics

E: according to UN responsibility to protect (2005), the sovereignty of nation-states is conditional upon them not committing mass human rights abuses.

Climate change activist Greta thunberg addressed the Un in 2019. Her campaign has provoked mass global support in favour of more action to combat climate change. Individuals are taking initiative on issues nation states have previously led on

Question 3

Impact 2 (economic)

Answer 3

P: the decisions that international make over where to invest, and where transactional corporations will open and close their factories are crucial in determining the prosperity of a nation state

E: the effect on nation states across the world of the financial crash caused by the collapse of the Lehman brothers (2008) demonstrates how tightly economic globalisation has linked the world economy

A: economic fortunes of nation states are therefore often determined by forces beyond the control of their governments