Examination Tests Flashcards
Burger’s Test
Ischemia
Supine -> elevate legs to 45º for 1-2mins; Pallor indicates ischemia -> sit patient up w/ legs over bed; colour = blue-> red
Cough Test
Thrills at the saphenofemoral junction?
Tap Test
Incompetent saphenofemoral junction
One finger on SFJ and one on any varicosities of the long saphenous vein; tap on SFJ -> transmitted percussion wave if incompetent
Prethe’s Test
Deep Vein Patency
Patient lying, place high thigh tourniquet -> stand and go on tiptoes x10; if the superficial veins drain then deep veins are patent
Trendelenberg’s Test (PVE)
Is saphenofemoral junction the problem?
raise leg for 1-2mins -> high thigh tourniquet -> stand; if varicose veins do not refill then SFJ = problem
Trendelenberg’s Test (Lower Limb)
Hip Abductor strength
Stand on 1 leg; weak if pelvis drops on contralateral side
Tinel’s Test
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Tap over the median nerve -> tingling sensation that radiates outwards
Phalen’s Test
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Palmar Flexion held for 1min -> elicits symptoms in the median nerve distribution
Compression Test
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Apply firm pressure to carpal tunnel for 30s -> reduces symptoms
Murphy’s Sign
Acute Cholecystitis
Inspiration prevented by placing hand below RCM in the mid-clavicular line
Squeeze Test
MSK Inflammatory Joint Disease
Patella Tap
Joint Effusion
Supine, press area above patella w/ palm -> pushes fluid under patella and lifts it; +ve = floating/bouncing patella
Thomas’s Test
Fixed Flexion Deformity of Hip
Supine, fully flex one knee to chest, +ve if other straight leg raises off bed
Bulge Test
Joint Effusion
one hand superior to patella pushes inferiorly, other presses medially to force fluid laterally -> fluid wave
Posterior Sag
PCL Damage
Knee @ 90º w/ foot flat on bed; PCL damage indicated if there is posterior sag of upper tibia
Anterior Draw
ACL Damage
Fingers behind knee and thumbs on tibial tuberosity, forward full -> significant movement if ACL is damaged
Lachman’s Test
ACL Laxity
Hip 45º, Knee 90º, one hand w/ fingers behind knee and thumb on tibial tuberosity, one hand above knee, pull anteriorly; soft endpoint suggests ACL damage
McMurray’s Test
Meniscus Tear
Hip 90º, Max Knee flex -> externally rotate & fully extend -> repeat w/ interal rotation; +ve = audible/palpable/painful click over medial/lateral joint line
Transillumination
Clear Fluid-Filled Mass
Straight Leg Raise
IV Disc Prolapse
Supine, passively raise extended leg; +ve = pain (nerve root distribution = root effected)
Lasegue’s Sign - lower until pain disappears then dorsiflex foot -> pain)
Bowstring Test
IV Disc Prolapse
Straight leg raise, if pain flex knee and firm pressure w/ thumb in popliteal fossa -> radiating pain/paraesthesia in distribution of irritated nerve root
Femoral Stretch Test
IV Disc Prolapse
Prone, flex knee -> pain (can be aggravated by hip extension)
Scarf Test
Acromioclavicular Joint Pathology
Place arm in forced adduction @ 90º of shoulder -> pain
Ankle Clonus Reflex
Interruption of UMN
slightly flex knee, rapidly dorsi/plantarflex ankle then hold forced dorsiflexion -> oscillation against pressure
