Examination Symptom Meaning

Question 1

Decreased chest expansion @ 4th ICS

Answer 1

Ankylosing Spondylitis

Question 2

Osler Nodes

Answer 2

Bacterial Endocarditis (IE)

Question 3

Janway Lesions

Answer 3

IE

Question 4

Waterhammer (Collapsing) Pulse

Answer 4

Aortic Regurgitation

Question 5

Xanthelasma

lipid deposits around eyes

Answer 5

Hyperlipidemia/Biliary Cirrhosis

Question 6

Tendon Xanthoma 
(enlarging papules/SC nodules attached to tendons, ligaments, fascia and periosteum)

Answer 6

Hyperlipidemia

Question 7

Corneal Arcus

Answer 7

Hyperlipidemia

Question 8

Subconjunctival Pallor

Answer 8

Anaemia

Question 9

Nail Pitting

Answer 9

Psoriasis
Psoriatic/Reactive Arthritis
Sarcoidosis

Question 10

Onycholysis

painless detachment of the nail from nailbed

Answer 10

Psoriasis
Hyperthyroidism
Fungal Infection
Post Traumatic

Question 11

Onychogryphosis

yellow-brown thickening of the nail plate associated w/ hyperkeratosis

Answer 11

PVD

Post Traumatic

Question 12

Splinter Haemorrhages

Answer 12

Endocarditis
Connective Tissue Disease
Vasculitis

Question 13

Clubbing

Answer 13

Cyanotic Heart Disease
Lung Disease (ABCDEF)
Ulcerative Colitis + Crohn's Disease
Biliary Cirrhosis
Birth Defects
Infective Endocarditis
Neoplasia
GI Malabsorption Syndrome (Coeliac)

Question 14

Clubbing; Lung Disease

Answer 14

Abscess
Bronchiectasis
Cystic Fibrosis
DON'T SAY COPD OR ASTHMA
Empyema
Fibrosis

Question 15

Guttering in the Hand

Answer 15

Muscle wasting of muscles by ulner nerve

Question 16

Pallor of the Palmar Crease

Answer 16

Anaemia

Peripheral Cyanosis

Question 17

Palmar Erythema

Answer 17

2º to increased circulating Oestrogens in Liver Disease

Question 18

Brittle Nails

Answer 18

Hypothyroid

Question 19

Fine Tremor

Answer 19

Beta-Agonists (e.g. Salbutamol)

Question 20

Tremor; Flapping Asterixis

Answer 20

Liver Disease
Renal Failure
Respiratory Failure (CO2 Retention)

Question 21

Exophthalmos

protruding eyes

Answer 21

Graves

Question 22

Lid Retraction
(upper eyelid assumes higher position when eyes look down)

Answer 22

Hyperthyroidism

Question 23

Lid Lag

Answer 23

Hyperthyroidism

Question 24

Pretibial Myoxoedema 
(localised waxy, discolored induration of the skin w/ peau d'orange appearance on anterior aspect of lower legs)

Answer 24

Graves

Question 25

Leukonychia | white discolouration of nails

Answer 25

``` Trauma Hypoalbuminaemia; Nephrotic Syndrome Liver Failure Protein Malabsorption Protein-Losing Enteropathies ```

Question 26

Koilonychia

Answer 26

Iron Deficiency

Question 27

Spider Naevi

Answer 27

Liver Disease w/ increased circulating Oestrogens

Question 28

Kayser-Flesher Rings

Answer 28

Wilson's Disease (Copper Deposition)

Question 29

Angular Stomitis

Answer 29

B6 Deficiency B12 Deficiency Folate Deficiency Iron Deficiency

Question 30

Painful Glossitis

Answer 30

B12 Deficiency

Question 31

Painless Glossitis

Answer 31

Iron Deficiency

Question 32

Gynaecomastia

Answer 32

Increased circulating Oestrogens in Liver Disease

Question 33

Distended/Varicose Veins

Answer 33

Portal HTN | IVC Obstruction

Question 34

Abdo Distention

Answer 34

``` 6 F's; Fat Fluid (Ascites?) Faeces (Constipation?) Foetus Flatus (Intestinal Obstruction?) Fulminant Mass ```

Question 35

Enlarged Virchow's Node

Answer 35

Intra-abdominal Mets

Question 36

Cafe-au-lait Spots

Answer 36

Neurofibromatosis

Question 37

Naevus/Hairy Patch

Answer 37

Spina Bifida

Question 38

Increased Sweating

Answer 38

Hyperthyroidism MI Increased Sympathetic Drive

Question 39

Decreased Sweating

Answer 39

Hypothyroidism | Autonomic Dysfunction

Question 40

Night Sweats

Answer 40

Lymphoma | Menopause

Question 41

Malar Flush

Answer 41

Mitral Stenosis

Question 42

High Arched Pallet

Answer 42

Marfan's Disease

Question 43

Visible Pulsations when Lying Flat

Answer 43

Tricuspid Regurgitation

Question 44

Bounding Pulse

Answer 44

CO2 Retention

Question 45

Raised JVP

Answer 45

``` Cor Pulmonale SVC Obstruction (would also present w/ swelling of the neck & face) ```

Question 46

Constricted Pupils & Ptosis

Answer 46

Horner's Syndrome

Question 47

Pulsus Paradoxus

Answer 47

Cardiac Tamponade | Severe Airways Obstruction

Question 48

Chemosis

Answer 48

Hypercapnia 2º to COPD

Question 49

Barrel Chest

Answer 49

Emphysema

Question 50

IC Retraction/Recession | sinking in of skin/soft tissue b/w ribs

Answer 50

Blocked Airway; more in kids | Partial Laryngeal/Tracheal Obstruction