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Physical Examination > Examination of the Head & Neck > Flashcards

Examination of the Head & Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Sudden unexpected movements of the head with facial grimaces.

A

Habitual spasm

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2
Q

Subtle, but steady rhythmic tremor of the head.

A

Parkinson’s disease

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3
Q

To-and-fro bobbing of the head.

A

Aortic insufficiency

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4
Q

Constant licking of the corners of the mouth or smacking of the tongue.

A

Tardive dyskinesia

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5
Q

Tilting of the head

A

Defective vision or hearing, or discomfort in the neck

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6
Q

Exaggerated forward thrust of the head

A

Abnormality of the cervical vertebrae

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7
Q

May be seen in patients with anemia or aortic insufficiency

A

Pallor

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8
Q

May suggest cardiovascular disease such as mitral stenosis

A

A ruddy or flushed face

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9
Q

May be evident in patients with congenital heart defects, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, or other toxic states

A

Cyanosis

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10
Q

Results from increased concentration of bilirubin in the blood

A

Yellow discoloration

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11
Q

When associated with bruit on the same side, Sturge-Weber syndrome should be considered.

A

Port-wine nevi

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12
Q
  • Suggestive of Addison’s disease or a pituitary adenoma

- Hemochromatosis

A

Increased pigmentation / bronzing of the face

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13
Q

Tightened, wax-like skin

A

Progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)

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14
Q

Massive face, craggy eyebrows, prominent nose, and an enlarged mandible.

A

Acromegaly

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15
Q

A puffy edematous face; dry, coarse, and scaly skin; slowed speech, and mentation

A

Hypothyroidism

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16
Q

Moon facies, (fat deposition in the face), hirsutism, and acne.

A

Cushing’s syndrome

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17
Q

Enlarged parotids may occur bilaterally or unilaterally

A 
Mumps
Sjögren’s syndrome
Infection
Eating disorders
Cirrhosis
Endocrinopathy
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18
Q

Facial asymmetry

A

Neurofibromatosis
Hemangioma
Lymphangioma

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19
Q

Multiple pustules and comedones.

A

Acne

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20
Q

An acne-like condition affecting older individuals.

A

Rosacea

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21
Q

Scaly, micaseous plaques of the eyebrows and hairline of scalp.

A

Psoriasis

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22
Q

Discrete, rough surfaced, brown to black papules that typically occur in patients over 40 years old.

A

Seborrheic keratosis

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23
Q

A cyst formed by obstruction of the sebaceous gland

A

Sebaceous cyst

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24
Q

Benign cystic lesion lined by stratified squamous epithelium, skin appendage structures are present

A

Dermoid cyst

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25
Q

Benign cystic lesion lined by stratified squamous epithelium

A

Epidermoid cyst

26
Q

Cysts-like lesion

A

Intramuscular hemangioma

27
Q

Tumors

A
  • Osteomas (Gardner’s syndrome)

- 100% risk of adenocarcinoma

28
Q

Persistent papule, nodule, tumor with telangiectatic blood vessels.

A

Basal cell carcinoma

29
Q

V

A

Trigeminal nerve

30
Q

-Great sensory nerve of the head, face, teeth, and mucous membranes.
Except angle of mandible, ear, soft palate, posterior-third of tongue and pharynx
-Motor function to the muscles of mastication.
And mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor veli palatini and tensor tempani.

A

Trigeminal nerve

31
Q

VII

A

Facial nerve

32
Q

-Great motor nerve of the face (muscles of facial expression).
And posterior belly of digastrics, stylohyoid, and stapedius muscles
-Secretory motor function to the lacrimal, submandibular, and sublingual glands.
-Special sense of taste (ant. 2/3 of tongue).

A

Facial nerve

33
Q

VIII

A

Acoustic nerve

34
Q

-Special sense of hearing (auditory).
Conduction deafness
Nerve deafness
-Special sense of balance (vestibular).

A

Acoustic nerve

35
Q

I

A

Olfactory nerve

36
Q
  • Hyposmia (diminished smell)
  • Dysosmia (distorted smell)
  • Anosmia (loss or absence of smell)
A

Olfactory nerve

37
Q

Monocular blinking

A

Physical irritation of the eye

38
Q

Bilateral blinking

A

May be associated with the wearing of contact lenses

39
Q

II

A

Optic nerve

40
Q

Special sense of vision
Visual acuity
Visual field

A

Optic nerve

41
Q

III

A

Occulomotor

42
Q

Motor function to superior, inferior and medial rectus, inferior oblique and levator palpebrae, and controls the sphincter of the pupil and the ciliary muscle.

A

Occulomotor

43
Q

IV

A

Trochlear

44
Q

Motor function to the superior oblique muscle

A

Trochlear

45
Q

VI

A

Abducens

46
Q

Motor function to the lateral rectus muscle

A

Abducens

47
Q

7th nerve deficit

A

Bells Palsy

48
Q

Horizontal axis, either toward the nose (adduction) or away from the nose (abduction)

A

Lateral and medial rectus muscles

49
Q

Vertical axis, either elevation or depression

A

Superior and inferior rectus muscles

50
Q

Torsional, movements that bring the top of the eye toward the nose (intorsion) or away from the nose (extorsion)

A

Superior and inferior oblique muscles

51
Q

Ptosis, pupillary dilation (mydriasis) and inability to move the eye up, down, and medially

A

III damage

52
Q

Unable to rotate the eye diagonally, downward, and laterally

A

IV damage

53
Q

Can not abduct the eye

A

VI damage

54
Q

PERRLA

A 
Pupils
Equal
Round 
Reactive to 
Light and
Accommodate
55
Q

XI

A

Spinal accessory nerve

56
Q

Motor function to the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles.

A

Spinal accessory nerve

57
Q

Smooth, firm, movable, and tender node.

A

Acute inflammatory disease

58
Q

Discrete, firm, movable, nontender node

A

Past or present chronic disease

59
Q

Variably palpable, usually nontender node.

A

Systemic disease

60
Q

Matted, usually firm and fixed, nontender node.
Bilateral location indicates primary neoplasm.
Unilateral location indicates metastatic neoplasm.

A

Neoplasm

Physical Examination (2 decks)

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