Examination of the CVS Flashcards
What are you looking for in the hands to assess circulation?
- warmth
- capillary refill
- peripheral cyanosis
- tar staining
- clubbing
- splinter haemorrhages
- Janeway lesions
- Olser’s nodes
- Koiloncyhia
In general inspection what are are you looking for signs of in the face, eyes and mouth?
- malar flush
- pallor
- clinical anaemia
- xanthelasmata
- corneal arcus
- central cyanosis
Tar staining
Splinter haemorrhages
Clubbing
Right = olser’s nodes
Left = Janeway’s leisons
What is malar flush?
High colour over cheek bones with a blush tinge caused by reduced oxugen concentration in the blood
What can cause malar flush?
mitral valve disease which occurs after rheumatic fever
What is butterfly rash?
Characteristic skin leison of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
What is koilonychia?
Abnormality of the nails so they are spoon shaped
When does koilonychia occur?
chronic iron deficiency
- malnutrition
- GI blood loss
- Worms
- GI malignancy
- coeliac disease
What is clubbing?
Changes in the area under and round the fingernails and toenails that occur with some disorders
Causes of clubbing
- Heart and lung diseases that reduce the amount of oxygen
- Congenital cyanotic heart disease
- Chronic lung infections (brochiectasis, cyctif fibrosis pr lung abcess)
- Intertinal lung disease
- coeliac disease
- cirrhosis of the liver and other liver disease
- cancer
- infective endocarditis
Signs of infective endocarditis
- Fever; low grade and intermittent
- Heart murmurs
- Petchiae
- splinter haemorrhages
- Olser’s nodes
- Janeway leisons
- Roth spots (retinal haemorrhages)
What is Xanthelasma
sharply demarcated yellowisj flat plaques on the upper and lower eyelids
