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MD3001 - Cardiology Clinical > Echocardiography > Flashcards

Echocardiography Flashcards

1
Q

What is ECHO

A

Use of ultrasound to examine the heart

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2
Q

What is the signficance of ECHO?

A

First exam choice for evaulating cardiac structure and function in most clinical conditions

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3
Q

What is the linear-array transducer used for?

A

superficial structures; nerves and vessels

High frequency sound doesnt penetrate deep

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4
Q

What is the curved-array transducer used for?

A
  • endoluminal scanning
  • general abdomen and obstetrical scanning
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5
Q

What shape is the curved array transducer?

A

curved convex shape

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6
Q

What is significant about phased array transducers?

A

Every element in the array participates in the formation of each transmitted pulse

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7
Q

What are the probe manipulation manouveres?

A

PART

  • pressure
  • alignment
  • rotation
  • tilting
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8
Q

What is the optimal transducer for a transthoracic echo?

A

ohased array with the frequency of 1-5MHz

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9
Q

Where is the conventional echo oreintation marker located?

A

to the upper right of the ultrasound image

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10
Q

What is an imaging window?

A

anatomic position on the patients body where an ultrasound transducer is placed to visualise specific structures

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11
Q

What are the 3 imaging windows in cardiac ECHO?

A
  • Parasternal
  • Apical
  • Subcostal
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12
Q

Where is the transducer placed to view the parasternal long axis?

A

3-4th intercostal space with orientation marker point towards the patients right shoulder

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13
Q

What can be viewed in the parasternal long axis?

A
  • Right ventricle
  • Left ventricle
  • Ascending aorta
  • Aortic valve
  • mitral valve
  • pericardium
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14
Q

How do you view the parasternal short axis from the parasternal long axis

A

rotate the transducer 90degrees clockwise. Orientation marker is pointing to the patients left shoulder. Transducer is perpendicular to the chest wall

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15
Q

What can be viewed in the parasternal short axis at papillary muscle level?

A
  • Right ventricle
  • interventricular septum
  • Left ventricle
  • Mitral valve
  • Pericardium
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16
Q

What is m-mode?

A

designed to document and analyse tissue motion

17
Q

Where is the transducer placed for the apical four-chamber (A4C)

A

apical impulse. Transducer marker is at 3 oclock

18
Q

What can be viewed in the A4C?

A
  • RV
  • LV
  • RA
  • LV
  • MV
  • TV
19
Q

How do you get to the A5C from the A4C?

A

tilt the face of the transdycer slightly upward until the aortic valve appears. Orientation marker is at 3 oclock

20
Q

How is the patient lying for a subcostal four chamber view?

A

supine

21
Q

Where is the transducer placed for a subcostal 4 chamber view?

A

2-3cm below the xyphoid process and direct towards the patients chin/left shoulder

22
Q

What can be viewed in a subcostal 4 chamber view?

A
  • LV
  • RV
  • LA
  • RA
  • MV
  • TV
  • pericardium
23
Q

Where is the subcostal inferior vena cava view?

A

rotate the transducer 90 degree anticlockwise from the subcostal 4 chamber view always keeping the RA on the screen. Orientation marker is at 12 oclock

24
Q

What does Basic Echo give?

A

comprehensive structural and functionak assessment of the heart

25
Q

What measurements can be made in the parasternal view?

A
  • aortic blulb
  • left atrium
  • IV septum
  • LV - end diastolic diameter
  • Posterior wall
  • LV -end systolic diameter
26
Q

What way should measurements be taken?

A

peripendicular to the main axis of the vessel, a chamber or atria

27
Q

What is Marfan’s syndrome?

A

CT disorder that can affect the eyes, skeletal systen, lungs, heart and blood vessels

28
Q

What are the cardiac complications of Marfan’s syndrome?

A
  • Dilation of ascending and sometimes descending aorta
  • incompetence of aortic and mitral valves
  • Aneurysm
  • Dissection of the aorta
29
Q

What is the purpose of neonatal echcardiography?

A

detection of duct dependent congenital heart disease

30
Q

Why take a transoesophgeal echocardiogram?

A

to see the heart in more detail

MD3001 - Cardiology Clinical (4 decks)

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