Examination and Diagnostics

Question 1

Definition of health (BMJ, 2011)

Answer 1

The ability to adapt and self-manage in the face of social, physical, and emotional challenges.

Question 2

Definition of health (WHO, 1946)

Answer 2

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Question 3

Most common conditions presented at GP (The Netherlands)

Answer 3

Hypertension, urinary tract infections and diabetes.

Question 4

The acronym ICE stands for…

Answer 4

Ideas Concerns and Expectations

Question 5

Medical anamnesis

Answer 5

The patient’s medical history

Question 6

Methods of examination

Answer 6

Inspection, Auscultation, Percussion, Palpation

Question 7

Inspection

Answer 7

Look (eyes)

Question 8

Auscultation

Answer 8

Listen (ears)

Question 9

Percussion

Answer 9

Tap (hands)

Question 10

Palpation

Answer 10

Feel (hands)

Question 11

Differential diagnosis

Answer 11

Distinguish a particular disease or condition from others that present similar clinical features.

Question 12

Principle X-ray

Answer 12

Electromagnetic radiation passes through matter.
Bones: dense/ high anatomically numbered -> absorbance, white.
Soft tissue: C, H, O -> passes easy, darker.

Question 13

Principle CT-scan

Answer 13

X-ray from multiple angles (X-ray beam) creates 3D image.

Question 14

Principle PET-scan

Answer 14

Track radioactive tracer via PET-scan (functional information)

Question 15

Principle MRI

Answer 15

Magnetic field changes position of H+ (of H2O). When H+ moves back to its original position, it emits a radio wave that is picked up by a sensor.

Question 16

Principle Ultrasound

Answer 16

Ultrasound waves propagate through different tissues, and then return to the transducer as reflected echoes.

Question 17

Risk of X-ray, CT-scan and PET-scan

Answer 17

Radiation can cause mutations that can lead to cancer.