Examination Flashcards
What do you look for in examination of the optic neve
colour - should be pink
cup - should be able to see it
contour - look for swelling
If the problem is only affecting one eye, what is the likely problem
The optic nerve on that side
If the problem is mainly affecting temporal vision, where is the likely pathology
The optic chiasm
If the problem is affecting both eyes, where is the likely pathology
Post- chiasm
How do you carry out a visual field examination
Sit directly opposite patient
Ask if all of your face is visible and if they can see both hands when held in front of them
Assess quadrant - cover one eye (same as patient) and hold fingers up in quadrant
Test peripheral vision by moving white cotton bud from diagonal and get them to say when they can see it (one eye closed)
Test blind spot with orange cotton bud by finding yours then patients
What will be seen at the back of the eye if the disc is swollen
Blurred edges
Suggests papilloedema
How do you measure the cup at the back of the eye
Do cup to disc ratio
Up to 0.6 is considered normal
Enlarged disc = glaucoma
What eye signs are seen in papilloedema
Cup is lost
Disc is swollen - blurriness
Blood vessels become tortuous
What is the direct pupil reflex
Pupil constricts when light is shone into that eye
What is the consensual pupil reflex
Pupil constricts when light is shone in the other eye
What is the swinging light test
Used to check for RAPD - optic nerve damage
Quickly swing the light from one eye to the other
The pupil in the affected eye will not constrict fully in the direct response but will in the consensual
Pupil will appear to change sizes when they should stay the same
What is considered normal vision
6/6
Means they are 6 meters from the Snellan chart and can read down to the line labelled 6 on the chart.
What is visual acuity
- Acuity is the smallest type seen with correction (glasses or CL)
Vision alone is the smallest type seen without correction
