Examination Flashcards
What might cause finger clubbing
Infective endocarditis Cyanotic heart disease suppurative lung disease bronchial carcinoma GI disease Idiopathic
What are some signs of infective endocarditis
Finger clubbing
splinter haemorrhages
Janeway lesions
Roth spots
What might cause peripheral cyanosis
Vasoconstriction
Low cardiac output
What causes central cyanosis
Venous-arterial admixture of blood
What are 2 causes of a malar flush
Mitral stenosis
SLE
What causes a slow rising pulse
Aortic stenosis or subaortic obstruction
What is a collapsing pulse typically due to
aortic regurgitation
What does pulses alternates consist of
alternating strong and weak pulse waves on consecutive beats and is a sign of severe left ventricular dysfunction
Where does the right internal jugular vein drain
directly into the SVC
Where does the left jugular vein drain
Into the innominate vein and then into the SVC
In what cases is the JVP elevated
Right heart failure reduced right ventricular diastolic compliance pericardial disease hypervolaemia pulmonary hypertension
In normal sinus rhythm, what does the jugular venous waveform consist of
2 main parts: the a and the v waves
What does the a wave of the JVP coincide with
right atrial contraction that rises to a peak followed by a decline which occurs just before the 1st heart sound
What does the v wave of the JVP coincide with
The later half of atrial diastole as the right atrium becomes more distended with venous blood
What is pectus excavatum
Depressed sternum
