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Examcompass Notes Flashcards

1
Q

What layer do Hubs and Repeaters operate at?

A

Layer 1 (Physical)

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2
Q

What layer is responsible for opening, closing, and maintaining connections

A

Layer 5 (Session)

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3
Q

Where does Authentication and Authorization take place?

A

Layer 5 (Session)

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4
Q

Where does data format translation, compression, and encryption/decryption take place.

A

Layer 6 (Presentation)

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5
Q

Layer 2 PDU

A

Frame

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6
Q

Layer 3 PDU

A

Packet

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7
Q

UDP PDU

A

Datagram

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8
Q

TCP PDU

A

Segment

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9
Q

This layer adds header info for Destination Port, Source Port, Sequence Number, and Error Correction

A

Layer 4 (Transport)

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10
Q

This layer adds header info for Source and Destination IP address

A

Layer 3 (Network)

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11
Q

Three Way Handshake

A

1.SYN
2. SYN/ACK
3. ACK

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12
Q

MPLS

A
  1. Labels are “pushed” onto packets on the way in and “popped” off on the way out

2.Supports IP Packets and Ethernet Frames

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13
Q

mGRE

A
  1. Multipoint Generic Routing Encapsulation
  2. Dynamic / On demand connection (Mesh VPN)
  3. Remote sites communicate directly to each other.
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14
Q

SD-WAN

A
  1. Communicates directly to the cloud
  2. Application Centric
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15
Q

Which technology uses telephone lines / Copper

A

DSL Broadband

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16
Q

Which technology uses cable television / coaxial

A

Cable Broadband

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17
Q

This provides businesses with a dedicated, point to point, always on connection. (WAN Link)

A

Leased Line

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18
Q

This technology replaces physical hardware with virtual hardware

A

NFV (Network Functions Virtualization)

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19
Q

NAS

A
  1. Network Attached Storage
  2. File level access (Change the whole file)
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20
Q

SAN

A
  1. Storage Area Network
  2. Block level access
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21
Q

RG-6

A
  1. Coaxial
  2. Long cable runs
  3. Cable/Satellite television, cable modems
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22
Q

RG-59

A
  1. Coaxial
  2. Short cable runs
  3. CCTV / Analog video
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23
Q

Straight Through Cable

A
  1. Most common cable
  2. Same wiring standard in both sides
  3. Connect two dissimilar devices
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24
Q

Crossover Cable

A
  1. Pin 1 to Pin 3
    Pin 2 to pin 6
  2. Reverses transmit + receive signal
  3. Connect two similar devices
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25
Q

What fiber uses LED as a light source

A

Multi mode

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26
Q

What fiber uses Lasers as a light source

A

Single mode

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27
Q

Multi mode distance

A

Up to 2 km

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28
Q

Single mode distance

A

Up to 100 km

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29
Q

This technology was replaced by SFP

A

GBIC (Gigabit Interface Converter)

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30
Q

This technology allows multiple signals to travel over a single strand of fiber

A

Wavelength Division Multiplexing

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31
Q

Up to 4 signals on one strand of fiber

A

CWDM

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32
Q

Up to 160 signals on one strand of fiber

A

DWDM

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33
Q

This connector is used with cable television + modems

A

F-Type Connector

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34
Q

How are IP addresses expressed?
1. Hexadecimal
2. Decimal
3. Binary

A

Decimal

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35
Q

RFC 1918

A

Describes the concept of private IP addressing

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36
Q

What is WDM?

A

WDM is Wave Division Multiplexing and it allows multiple signals to travel over the same strand of fiber

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37
Q

What is CWDM?

A

CWDM is Coarse Wave Division Multiplexing.
It allows 4 different carriers at 4 different wavelengths

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38
Q

What is DWDM

A

DWDM is Dense Wave Division Multiplexing.
It allows up to 160 signals on one strand of fiber!

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39
Q

IPv6 Local Range

A

FE80::/10 - FEBF::/10

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40
Q

IPv6 Loop Back

A

0.0.0.0.0.0.0.1or ::1

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41
Q

What is VLSM?

A

VLSM is Variable Length Subnet Mask.
It allows networks to be divided into subnets of different sizes, not the same.

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42
Q

Class A Network

A

0.0.0.0 - 126.255.255.255

Private (Non routable)

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43
Q

Class B Network

A

127.0.0.0 - 191.255.255.255

Private (Non routable)

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44
Q

Class C Network

A

192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.255

Private (Non routable)

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45
Q

Class D Network

A

224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255

Used for Multicasts

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46
Q

Class E Network

A

240.0.0.0 - 255.255.255.255

Used for research purposes

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47
Q

Teredo

A

IPv4 to IPv6 transition mechanism with native NAT support

Allows IPv6 hosts to communicate over IPv4 internet without a native connection to an IPv6 network

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48
Q

Miredo

A

Teredo tunneling software

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49
Q

NDP

A

Neighbor Discover Protocol

Allows IPv6 routers to advertise their presence

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50
Q

SLAAC

A

Stateless Address Auto configuration

APIPA for IPv6

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51
Q

SMTP

A
  • TCP Port 25
  • Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
  • Allows transfer of email between servers
  • Allows client to send email to other people over the internet
52
Q

TFTP

A
  • UDP Port 69
  • Trivial FTP
  • File transfer between two TCP/IP devices
  • No security
53
Q

POP3

A
  • TCP Port 110
  • Allows the retrieval of mail from mail servers
54
Q

IMAP4

A
  • TCP Port 143
  • Replaces POP3
55
Q

SMB

A
  • TCP Port 445
  • Used to share files, directories, and devices over a windows network
56
Q

Secure IMAP

A
  • TCP Port 993
  • SSL/TLS
57
Q

POP3S

A
  • TCP Port 995
  • SSL/TLS
58
Q

SQL Server

59
Q

SQLnet

60
Q

MySQL

61
Q

SIP

A
  • TCP/UDP 5060 + 5061
  • Session Initiation Protocol
  • Manages real-time sessions involving voice, video, application sharing, and instant messaging.
62
Q

SFTP

A
  • TCP Port 22
  • Secure FTP
  • Extension of the SSH protocol
63
Q

SNMP

A
  • Simple Network Management Protocol
  • SNMP Agent receives requests on UDP Port 161
  • SNMP Management Station gets notifications on UDP Port 162
64
Q

MX Record

A

Mail Server (Record)

65
Q

SOA Record

A
  • Start of Authority
  • Stores administrative info about a domain or zone
66
Q

A Record

A

Resolves a hostname to an IPv4 address

67
Q

AAAA Record

A

Resolves a hostname to an IPv6 address

68
Q

PTR Record

A
  • Resolves an IP address to a hostname
  • Used in reverse lookups
  • Functionally opposite of A records
69
Q

TXT Records

A
  • Not used to direct traffic
  • Provides outside services with info about the domain
70
Q

SRV Record

A
  • Specifies a host + port number
  • Used to find a specific service on a network
71
Q

NS Record

A
  • Name Server
  • Specifies a list of additional Name Servers in a domain
72
Q

DNS Hierarchy

A
  • ROOT
  • 1st Level Domain (.com)
  • 2nd Level Domain (Google.com)
  • Subdomain (Mail.Google.com)
  • Host / Resource Name (Server1.Mail.Google.com)
73
Q

Forward Lookup

A

Returns an IP address from a Domain Name

74
Q

Reverse Lookup

A

Returns a Domain Name from an IP address

75
Q

Iterative + Recursive Lookup

A

Happens when an IP address is not in the cache and you need to contact the ROOT server

76
Q

Iterative Lookup

A
  • Every request originates from the client
  • Resolving DNS server refers client to the ROOT server
77
Q

Recursive Lookup

A
  • Resolving Name Server makes requests on the clients behalf
  • Shortens the amount of time needed to resolve requests
78
Q

IaC

A
  • Infrastructure as Code
  • Auto deployment + config of hardware using code
79
Q

RIP

A
  • Routing Info Protocol
  • Distance Vector routing protocol
  • Interior Gateway
  • Does not support VLSM
80
Q

EIGRP

A
  • Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
  • Distance Vector routing protocol
  • Used in CISCO devices
  • Interior Gateway
81
Q

OSPF

A
  • Open Shortest Path First
  • Link State routing protocol
  • Interior Gateway
  • Supports VLSM
82
Q

BGP

A
  • Border Gateway Protocl
  • Hybrid routing protocol
  • External Gateway
83
Q

LACP

A
  • Link Aggregation Control Protocol
  • Combines several physical ports on a switch into one logical channel
84
Q

POE

85
Q

POE+

86
Q

ARP

A
  • Address Resolution Protocol
  • IP to MAC resolution
87
Q

AUP

A

Acceptable Use Policy

88
Q

DLP

A

Data Loss Prevention

89
Q

MOU

A

Memorandum of Understanding

90
Q

Giant VS Jumbo Frame

A
  • A Giant Frame is too large for the receiving interface, the frame is dropped
  • A Jumbo Frame is larger than the standard allows
91
Q

Runt Frame

A

A frame smaller than 64 bytes (minimum frame size)

92
Q

CVE

A

Common Vulnerabilities and Exposure

93
Q

Cold Site

A
  • Supplies physical space for your equipment in the event of a disaster
  • Has HVAC, Network, and Power capabilities
94
Q

Warm Site

A
  • Has network equipment at the ready but needs the original data to be transferred to it
95
Q

Hot Site

A

A fully functional backup of your site with all important data mirrored to it

96
Q

FHRP

A
  • First Hop Redundancy Protocol
  • Multiple routers are configured with the same IP address (default gateway) in the event one goes down.
97
Q

VRRP

A
  • Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol
98
Q

Screened Subnet

A

A lightly protected subnet outside of the networks firewall

99
Q

802.1x

A
  • Port based security
  • Can’t access network until authenticated
100
Q

TACACS+ vs RADIUS

A

RADIUS is mainly a network access protocol while TACACS+ is used for administering devices such as switches and routers

101
Q

TACACS+

A
  • Device administration
  • Full Packet Encryption
  • Separates authentication and authorization
  • Created by Cisco
102
Q

RADIUS

A
  • Network Access
  • Encrypts only the password in the access request packet
  • Combines authentication and authorization
103
Q

KERBEROS

A
  • Each user assigned a cryptographic key
  • Authenticate once, trusted by the entire system
  • Mutual Authentication: Client and Server authenticate with each other
  • Uses NTP to confirm timestamps of the KERBEROS server and client
104
Q

DoS

A
  • Denial of Service
  • Resource exhaustion is the goal
105
Q

DNS Poisoning

A
  • MITM attack
  • Modify the domain name to a rogue IP address
106
Q

DHCP Snooping

A
  • Security feature that acts as a firewall between DHCP and an untrusted host
107
Q

RA Guard

A
  • Router Advertisement Guard
  • Block or reject unwanted/rogue IPv6 RAs
108
Q

Port Isolation

A
  • Create private VLANS
  • Device can’t communicate with other devices in the same switch and/or VLAN
  • Devices connected to the ports cannot directly communicate with each other
109
Q

Straight Through / Patch Cable

A
  • Connect workstations to network devices
110
Q

Crossover Cable

A

Connect two devices of the same type (PC to PC)

111
Q

Rollover Cable

A

Connect a computer terminal to a routers console port

112
Q

EMI Shielding

A

Protects data from outside interference and eavesdropping

113
Q

STP Shielding

A

Protects data from crosstalk and EMI

114
Q

dB

A
  • Measures signal strength
  • The lower the better
115
Q

Spectrum Analyzer

A
  • Diagnostic tool that measures the strength of a wireless signal
116
Q

Snips

A

Used for evening out the wires at the end of a cable

117
Q

Packet Sniffer / Protocol Analyzer

A

Monitors and examines the contents of network traffic

118
Q

iPerf

A

Measures the maximum achievable bandwidth of an IP network

119
Q

PathPing

A

Combines ping and tracert

120
Q

Netstat

A

Check network statistics

121
Q

Netstat -r /routeprint

A

Displays the contents of the routing table

122
Q

Netstat -b

A

Displays the names of applications that are accessing the network

123
Q

tcpdump

A

Command line packet capture utility

124
Q

RSSI

A
  • Received Signal Strength Indication
  • Measures how well a device can “hear” an AP
125
Q

EIRP

A
  • Effective Isotropic Radiated Power
  • Measure the output of an antenna
126
Q

CSMA/CA

A
  • Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collison Avoidance
  • Wireless Networks
127
Q

CSMA/CD

A
  • Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection
  • Wired Networks

N+ Flashcards (9 decks)

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